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首页> 外文期刊>Vaccine >Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer Prevention in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal
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Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer Prevention in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal

机译：印度，孟加拉国，斯里兰卡和尼泊尔的人乳头瘤病毒感染和宫颈癌预防

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Although one-third of the world cervical cancer burden is endured in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka, there are important gaps in our knowledge of the distribution and determinants of the disease in addition to inadequate investments in screening, diagnosis and treatment in these countries. Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among the general populations varies from 7-14% and the age-specific prevalence across age groups is constant with no clear peak in young women. This observation may be the result of a low clearance rate of incident infections, frequent re-infection/reactivation, limited or no data in target high-risk age groups (teenagers), and sexual behavioural patterns in the population. High-risk HPV types were found in 97% of vertical cancers, and HPV-16 and 18 were found in 80% of cancers in India. Beyond research studies, demonstration projects and provincial efforts in selected districts, there are no serious initiatives to introduce population-based screening by public health authorities in these countries. Cervical cancer is a relatively neglected disease in terms of advocacy, screening and prevention from professional or public health organizations. Cytology, HPV testing and visual screening with acetic acid (VIA) or Lugol's iodine (VILI) are known to be accurate and effective methods to detect cervical cancer and could contribute to the reduction of disease in these countries. While HPV vaccination provides hope for the future, several barriers prohibit the introduction of prophylactic vaccines in these countries such as high costs and low public awareness of cervical cancer. Efforts to implement screening based on the research experiences in the region offer the only currently viable means of rapidly reducing the heavy burden of disease. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：尽管印度，孟加拉国，尼泊尔和斯里兰卡承受着世界宫颈癌负担的三分之一，但除了对这些疾病的筛查，诊断和治疗方面的投资不足外，我们对这种疾病的分布和决定因素的认识还有很大差距国家。普通人群中人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的发生率在7-14％之间，并且各个年龄段的特定年龄流行率是恒定的，年轻女性中没有明显的高峰。此观察结果可能是以下原因造成的：感染的清除率低，频繁的重新感染/再激活，目标高风险年龄组（青少年）的数据有限或没有数据，以及人群中的性行为方式。在印度97％的垂直癌症中发现了高风险的HPV类型，在80％的癌症中发现了HPV-16和18。除了研究研究，示范项目和部分地区的省级努力外，这些国家的公共卫生部门还没有采取认真的措施来进行基于人群的筛查。就专业，公共卫生组织的倡导，筛查和预防而言，宫颈癌是一种相对被忽视的疾病。细胞学，HPV检测和用乙酸（VIA）或卢戈尔碘（VILI）进行目测筛查是检测宫颈癌的准确有效的方法，在这些国家中可能有助于减少疾病。虽然HPV疫苗接种为未来带来了希望，但在这些国家/地区，由于成本高昂和公众对宫颈癌的了解程度低，阻止了预防性疫苗的引入。根据该地区的研究经验进行筛查的努力，是目前唯一可行的快速减轻疾病沉重负担的方法。 （c）2008 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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