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首页> 外文期刊>Developmental disabilities research reviews. >Prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of FASD from various research methods with an emphasis on recent in-school studies.
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Prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of FASD from various research methods with an emphasis on recent in-school studies.

机译：FASD的流行和流行病学特征来自各种研究方法，重点是最近的在校研究。

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Researching the epidemiology and estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and other fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) for mainstream populations anywhere in the world has presented a challenge to researchers. Three major approaches have been used in the past: surveillance and record review systems, clinic-based studies, and active case ascertainment methods. The literature on each of these methods is reviewed citing the strengths, weaknesses, prevalence results, and other practical considerations for each method. Previous conclusions about the prevalence of FAS and total FASD in the United States (US) population are summarized. Active approaches which provide clinical outreach, recruitment, and diagnostic services in specific populations have been demonstrated to produce the highest prevalence estimates. We then describe and review studies utilizing in-school screening and diagnosis, a special type of active case ascertainment. Selected results from a number of in-school studies in South Africa, Italy, and the US are highlighted. The particular focus of the review is on the nature of the data produced from in-school methods and the specific prevalence rates of FAS and total FASD which have emanated from them. We conclude that FAS and other FASD are more prevalent in school populations, and therefore the general population, than previously estimated. We believe that the prevalence of FAS in typical, mixed-racial, and mixed-socioeconomic populations of the US is at least 2 to 7 per 1,000. Regarding all levels of FASD, we estimate that the current prevalence of FASD in populations of younger school children may be as high as 2-5% in the US and some Western European countries.
机译：对世界各地主流人群的流行病学进行研究并估算胎儿酒精综合症（FAS）和其他胎儿酒精谱系疾病（FASD）的流行率，对研究人员提出了挑战。过去使用了三种主要方法：监视和记录审查系统，基于临床的研究以及积极的病例确定方法。对每种方法的文献进行了综述，并列举了每种方法的优缺点，普遍性结果以及其他实际考虑。总结了有关美国人口中FAS发生率和FASD总数的先前结论。在特定人群中提供临床推广，招募和诊断服务的积极方法已被证明能产生最高的患病率估计值。然后，我们描述和审查利用学校筛查和诊断（一种特殊的活动病例确定）的研究。重点介绍了南非，意大利和美国的一些在校研究的部分结果。审查的特别重点是从学校方法获得的数据的性质以及由此产生的FAS和总FASD的特定患病率。我们得出的结论是，FAS和其他FASD在学校人口中因此是普遍人群，因此比先前估计的更为普遍。我们认为，FAS在美国典型，混血和社会经济混合人群中的流行率至少为每千分之2到7。关于FASD的所有级别，我们估计在美国和某些西欧国家中，目前在年龄较小的学龄儿童中，FASD的流行率可能高达2-5％。

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