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首页> 外文期刊>Dynamic Soil, Dynamic Plant >Intensive Subsistence Agriculture: Impacts, Challenges and Possible Interventions
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Intensive Subsistence Agriculture: Impacts, Challenges and Possible Interventions

机译：集约化农业：影响，挑战和可能的干预措施

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摘要

Subsistence fanning is a form of production in which nearly all crops or livestock are raised to sustain the farm family, and rarely producing surpluses to sell for cash or store for later use. There are two major types of subsistence agriculture: primitive and intensive. Primitive subsistence farming, which includes shifting cultivation, slash and burn, and pastoral nomadic farming is mainly practiced in marginal areas. In contrast, intensive subsistence agriculture, which is the subject of this paper, is practiced in high potential arable land where laad is scarce and the farmers have to maximize food production on relatively small fields. This type of farming exhibits a high degree of diversification (mixed crop-livestock systems), inter-croppingand limited use of modern technologies and purchased agricultural inputs. Intensive subsistence agriculture is widespread in many less developed countries where over 80% of their rural population is engaged in this type of farming. Intensive subsistenceagriculture contributes substantially to economies of these countries and in alleviating food insecurity. It has high potential for increased growth if given the necessarily support. Despite this high dependence on subsistence agriculture, the farmers are faced with several challenges which unless addressed will continue to drag behind the economic development of these countries. This paper not only reviews the characteristics and impacts of intensive subsistence agriculture but also the challenges andpossible interventions to these challenges.
机译：自给自足是一种生产形式，几乎所有农作物或牲畜都被养育以维持农场家庭的生活，很少产生剩余以出售现金或用于以后使用。自给农业有两种主要类型：原始农业和集约农业。原始的自给农业，包括轮耕，刀耕火种和牧民游牧农业，主要在边缘地区进行。相比之下，本文重点研究的是集约化自给农业，该地区是在耕地稀少，农民不得不在相对较小的田地上最大化粮食生产的高潜力耕地上进行的。这种类型的农业表现出高度的多样化（农作物－畜牧混合系统），间作和现代技术的有限使用以及购买的农业投入品。集约化农业在许多欠发达国家中很普遍，这些国家80％以上的农村人口从事这种农业。集约化生活农业在很大程度上促进了这些国家的经济并减轻了粮食不安全。如果得到必要的支持，它具有增长的巨大潜力。尽管人们高度依赖自给农业，但农民仍面临若干挑战，除非加以解决，否则这些挑战将继续拖累这些国家的经济发展。本文不仅回顾了集约化农业的特征和影响，而且还提出了挑战和针对这些挑战的可能干预措施。

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