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首页> 外文期刊>Doklady Biological Sciences >Cytomixis in Mother Pollen Cells of Transgenic Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Plants
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Cytomixis in Mother Pollen Cells of Transgenic Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Plants

机译：转基因烟草（Nicotiana tabacum L.）植物母花粉细胞中的细胞混合体

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摘要

Cytomixis--the migration of nuclei and nuclear material from one mother pollen cell to another--is widespread in nature; it has been described for many plant species [1-4]. In most cases, cytomixis was observed in mother pollen cells [2, 5-10]. Nucleiand chromosomes migrate along cytomictic channels, which join anther meiocytes in a united system [4]. It was shown that, in some plant species, cytomixis is expressed only in the prophase of the first meiotic division [2, 7, 8,10]. In other species, chromosomal migration may last to the stage of tetrads [5, 6,9, 11]. It was assumed that this phenomenon is of evolutional importance, because it leads to aneuploidy and polyploidy of gametes [7, 9, 10] and may be the source of B-chromosomes [5]. The researchers have not still reached a consensus of opinion on factors that cause the extrusion of nuclear material and the mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon. It is believed that cytomixis may caused by various disturbances in the structure of cytomicticchannels [1,4], synthesis of callose coat [5,9], cell wall formation during premeiotic mitoses [6], and structure of the radial cytoskeleton [8]. Some authors believe that this phenomenon is characteristic of the plants that exhibit genetic instability(hybrids and mutants) [1,4,7,10,11].
机译：Cymixmixis-核和核物质从一个母花粉细胞向另一个母花粉细胞的迁移-在自然界很普遍。已经针对许多植物物种进行了描述[1-4]。在大多数情况下，在花粉母细胞中观察到细胞混合[2，5-10]。核染色体沿细胞分裂通道迁移，并在一个联合系统中与花药单核细胞连接[4]。结果表明，在某些植物物种中，胞质混合体仅在第一个减数分裂分裂的前期表达[2，7，8,10]。在其他物种中，染色体迁移可能会持续到四分体阶段[5，6,9，11]。据推测，这种现象具有进化重要性，因为它会导致配子的非整倍性和多倍性[7、9、10]，并且可能是B染色体的来源[5]。研究人员对于导致核材料挤出的因素以及造成这种现象的机理尚未达成共识。据认为，细胞混合可能是由细胞分裂通道结构的各种紊乱[1,4]，ose质外壳的合成[5,9]，减数分裂有丝分裂期间细胞壁形成[6]以及the骨细胞骨架的结构[8]引起的。 。一些作者认为，这种现象是表现出遗传不稳定性的植物的特征（杂种和突变体）[1,4,7,10,11]。

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