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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of abnormal psychology >Alcohol selectively reduces anxiety but not fear: startle response during unpredictable versus predictable threat.
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Alcohol selectively reduces anxiety but not fear: startle response during unpredictable versus predictable threat.

机译：酒精选择性地减轻了焦虑，但没有减轻恐惧：在无法预测的威胁与可预测的威胁之间，您会感到震惊。

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Recent theory and empirical research have suggested that fear and anxiety are distinct processes with separable neurobiological substrates. Furthermore, a laboratory procedure has been developed to manipulate fear versus anxiety independently via administration of predictable or unpredictable electric shock, respectively. Benzodiazepines appear to selectively reduce anxiety but not fear in this procedure. The primary aim of this experiment was to determine if alcohol produced a similar selective reduction in anxiety. Intoxicated (target blood alcohol concentration of .08%) and nonintoxicated participants viewed a series of colored squares separated by variable intertrial intervals (ITIs) in 3 conditions. In the predictable shock condition, shocks were administered contingently during every square. In the unpredictable shock condition, shocks were administered noncontingently during both squares and ITIs. In the no-shock condition, no shocks were administered at any time. Alcohol significantly reduced startle potentiation during cues signaling unpredictable but not predictable shock, consistent with the thesis that alcohol selectively reduces anxiety but not fear. In addition, alcohol's effect on startle potentiation during unpredictable shock was mediated by vigilance. This anxiolytic effect may clarify the nature of alcohol's reinforcing effects in social and problem drinkers.
机译：最近的理论和经验研究表明，恐惧和焦虑是具有可分离的神经生物学底物的不同过程。此外，已经开发了实验室程序以分别通过施用可预测的或不可预测的电击来独立地操纵恐惧与焦虑。苯二氮卓类药物似乎可以选择性地减轻焦虑，但在此过程中却没有恐惧。该实验的主要目的是确定酒精是否产生了类似的焦虑选择性降低。醉酒（目标血液酒精浓度为0.08％）和未醉酒的参与者在3种情况下观察了一系列由可变的间隔间隔（ITI）隔开的彩色方块。在可预见的休克条件下，在每个方格中都会连续进行休克。在无法预测的电击条件下，在平方和ITI期间均非连续地进行电击。在无电击的情况下，任何时候都不会施加电击。在提示发生不可预知但不可预测的电击的线索中，酒精会显着降低惊吓电位，这与酒精选择性地减轻焦虑而不是恐惧的观点一致。另外，警惕性介导了酒精对不可预测的休克中惊吓增强的影响。这种抗焦虑作用可以阐明酒精对社交和有问题的饮酒者的增强作用的性质。

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