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首页> 外文期刊>Circulation research: a journal of the American Heart Association >Macrophage Phenotype and Function in Different Stages of Atherosclerosis
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Macrophage Phenotype and Function in Different Stages of Atherosclerosis

机译：动脉粥样硬化不同阶段的巨噬细胞表型和功能

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The remarkable plasticity and plethora of biological functions performed by macrophages have enticed scientists to study these cells in relation to atherosclerosis for > 50 years, and major discoveries continue to be made today. It is now understood that macrophages play important roles in all stages of atherosclerosis, from initiation of lesions and lesion expansion, to necrosis leading to rupture and the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis, to resolution and regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Lesional macrophages are derived primarily from blood monocytes, although recent research has shown that lesional macrophage-like cells can also be derived from smooth muscle cells. Lesional macrophages take on different phenotypes depending on their environment and which intracellular signaling pathways are activated. Rather than a few distinct populations of macrophages, the phenotype of the lesional macrophage is more complex and likely changes during the different phases of atherosclerosis and with the extent of lipid and cholesterol loading, activation by a plethora of receptors, and metabolic state of the cells. These different phenotypes allow the macrophage to engulf lipids, dead cells, and other substances perceived as danger signals; efflux cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein; proliferate and migrate; undergo apoptosis and death; and secrete a large number of inflammatory and proresolving molecules. This review article, part of the Compendium on Atherosclerosis, discusses recent advances in our understanding of lesional macrophage phenotype and function in different stages of atherosclerosis. With the increasing understanding of the roles of lesional macrophages, new research areas and treatment strategies are beginning to emerge.
机译：巨噬细胞具有非凡的可塑性和生物学功能，诱使科学家研究这些与动脉粥样硬化相关的细胞已有50多年的历史，并且今天仍在继续取得重大发现。现在已经知道，巨噬细胞在动脉粥样硬化的所有阶段中都起着重要的作用，从病变的开始和病变扩展，到导致破裂的坏死和动脉粥样硬化的临床表现，到动脉粥样硬化病变的消退和消退。病变巨噬细胞主要来源于血液单核细胞，尽管最近的研究表明，病变巨噬细胞样细胞也可以来源于平滑肌细胞。病变巨噬细胞根据其环境和激活的细胞内信号传导途径而呈现不同的表型。病变巨噬细胞的表型不是少数几个明显的巨噬细胞群体，而是更复杂的，并且可能在动脉粥样硬化的不同阶段以及脂质和胆固醇负荷的程度，大量受体的激活以及细胞的代谢状态中发生变化。 。这些不同的表型使巨噬细胞吞噬脂类，死细胞和其他被视为危险信号的物质。外排胆固醇到高密度脂蛋白;扩散和迁移;经历凋亡和死亡;并分泌大量的炎症和促溶分子。这篇综述文章是《动脉粥样硬化纲要》的一部分，讨论了我们对病变巨噬细胞表型和动脉粥样硬化不同阶段功能的了解的最新进展。随着对病变巨噬细胞作用的认识的日益加深，新的研究领域和治疗策略开始出现。

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