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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of applied biological chemistry >Stable C and N Isotopes: A Tool to Interpret Interacting Environmental Stresses on Soil and Plant
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Stable C and N Isotopes: A Tool to Interpret Interacting Environmental Stresses on Soil and Plant

机译：稳定的C和N同位素：解释相互作用在土壤和植物上的环境压力的工具

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摘要

Natural abundances of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon (delta~(15)N and detla~(13)C) are being widely used to study N and C cycle processes in plant and soil systems. Variations in detla~(15)N of the soil and the plant reflect the potentially variable isotope signature of the external N sources and the isotope fractionation during the N cycle process. N_2 fixation and N fertilizer supply the nitrogen, whose detla~(15)N is close to 0%o, whereas the compost as an organic input generally providesthe nitrogen enriched in ~(15)N compared to the atmospheric N_2. The isotope fractionation during the N cycle process decreases the detla~(15)N of the substrate and increases the detla~(15)N of the product. N transformations such as N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, assimilation, and the NH_3 volatilization have a specific isotope fractionation factor (a) for each N process. Variation in the detla~(13)C of plants reflects the photosynthetic type of plant, which affects the isotope fractionation during photosynthesis. The detla~(13)C of C3 plant is significantly lower than, whereas the detla~(13)C of C4 plant is similar to that of the atmospheric CO_2. Variation in the isotope fractionation of carbon and nitrogen can be observed under different environmental conditions. The effect of environmental factors on the stomatal conductance and the carboxylation rate affects the carbon isotope fractionation during photosynthesis. Changes in the environmental factors such as temperature and saltconcentration affect the nitrogen isotope fractionation during the N cycle processes; however, the mechanism of variation in the nitrogen isotope fractionation has not been studied as much as that in the carbon isotope fractionation. Isotope fractionation factors of carbon and nitrogen could be the integrated factors for interpreting the effects of the environmental factors on plants and soils.
机译：氮和碳的稳定同位素（δ〜（15）N和detla〜（13）C）的自然丰度被广泛用于研究植物和土壤系统中的N和C循环过程。土壤和植物中Detla〜（15）N的变化反映了外部N源的潜在可变同位素特征以及N循环过程中的同位素分馏。 N_2固氮和N肥料提供了氮，其（15）N含量接近0％o，而堆肥作为有机投入，与大气中的N_2相比，通常提供了〜（15）N富集的氮。 N循环过程中的同位素分馏会降低底物的Detla〜（15）N，并增加产物的Detla〜（15）N。每个N过程的N转化（例如N矿化，硝化，反硝化，同化和NH_3挥发）都有特定的同位素分馏因子（a）。植物的Detla〜（13）C的变化反映了植物的光合作用类型，这影响了光合作用过程中的同位素分级。 C3植物的detla〜（13）C明显低于C3植物，而C4植物的detla〜（13）C与大气CO_2相似。在不同的环境条件下，可以观察到碳和氮的同位素分馏变化。环境因素对气孔导度和羧化速率的影响会影响光合作用过程中碳同位素的分馏。温度和盐浓度等环境因素的变化会影响N循环过程中氮同位素的分馏;但是，对氮同位素分馏的变化机理的研究还不如碳同位素分馏的变化机理。碳和氮的同位素分馏因子可能是解释环境因子对植物和土壤影响的综合因子。

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