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A physical model of sprinting

机译：短跑的物理模型

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A new physical model of all-out sprinting is presented. The first models for the applied forces in the block, drive and maintenance phases, as well as for braking forces, are proposed and are based on experimental observations. The applied forces and the aerodynamic drag forces along with the speed and position of the sprinter are calculated by the model as functions of time. The model[U+05F3]s unknown parameters are physically relevant and are quantitatively comparable to quantities measured experimentally. A novel mathematical method, not based on curve fitting, is proposed along with the model which requires two observable quantities, time of first step and start of maintenance phase, and four time splits. The model was validated by modeling several elite sprints from available split data, as well as measured splits for non-elite sprinters, over 100. m and 200. m distances. Excellent agreement between the split times and the simulated times was obtained and the model was shown to accurately predict 100. m times from 60. m splits for non-elite runners and 200. m times from 100. m splits for elite sprinters. The model was also applied to the study of wind and altitude effects for elite sprinters in 100 and 200. m sprints. The model presented in this paper may also be useful as a coaching tool for non-elite sprinters by enabling comparisons with elite sprinters, the identification of weaknesses (comparing phases, braking coefficient) and by allowing predictions of 100. m times based on 60. m (indoor) performances and 200. m times based on 100. m splits.
机译：提出了一种新的全力冲刺的物理模型。在实验，观察的基础上，提出了在制动，驱动和维护阶段以及制动力的第一模型。该模型根据时间来计算施加力和气动阻力以及短跑运动员的速度和位置。模型[U + 05F3]的未知参数在物理上相关，并且在数量上可与实验测量的数量相比。提出了一种不基于曲线拟合的新颖数学方法，以及需要两个可观察量，第一步时间和维护阶段开始以及四个时间间隔的模型。通过从可用的分割数据中对几个精英冲刺建模，以及对非精英短跑运动员的测得的分割（距离超过100. m和200. m）进行了验证，从而验证了该模型的有效性。拆分时间与模拟时间之间获得了极佳的一致性，并且该模型显示出可以准确预测非精英跑步者从60. m拆分中的100. m次和精英短跑运动员从100. m拆分中的200. m次的准确预测。该模型还用于研究100和200 m冲刺中优秀短跑运动员的风和海拔效应。通过允许与精英短跑运动员进行比较，确定弱点（比较阶段，制动系数）并允许基于60的100次预测，本文提出的模型还可以用作非精英短跑运动员的指导工具。 m（室内）表演和200. m次基于100. m的分割。

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