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Direct numerical simulation of evaporating droplets

机译：蒸发液滴的直接数值模拟

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摘要

A model for the three-dimensional direct numerical simulation of evaporating, deforming droplets in incompressible flow is presented. It is based on the volume-of-fluid method and is therefore capable of capturing very strong deformations. The evaporation rate is computed based on the vapour mass fraction and the PLIC reconstruction of the surface. Emphasis is put on the correct calculation of the velocities of the gaseous and liquid phase at the interface which is very important for cases with high mass transfer rates and thus high Stefan flow. It is accomplished by the use of an iterative algorithm that enforces a divergence constraint in cells containing the interface. Validation comprises a I D test case for interfacial mass transfer, droplet collisions and oscillations as well as calculation of Sherwood numbers for two different cases of evaporating droplets where low and high mass transfer rates occur. Comparison with data from the literature shows good agreement of the obtained results. The simulation of a strongly deformed water droplet in a flow at a high Reynolds and Weber number is used to demonstrate the capabilities of the presented method. The emerging flow field in the wake of the droplet is very complex and three-dimensional. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：提出了不可压缩流中蒸发，变形液滴的三维直接数值模拟模型。它基于流体体积法，因此能够捕获非常大的变形。根据蒸气质量分数和表面的PLIC重建计算蒸发速率。重点在于对界面处气相和液相速度的正确计算，这对于高传质速率和高Stefan流量的情况非常重要。这是通过使用迭代算法来实现的，该算法在包含该接口的单元格中强制发散约束。验证包括用于界面传质，液滴碰撞和振荡的I D测试用例，以及发生低传质速率和传质速率高的两种不同蒸发液滴情况下Sherwood数的计算。与文献数据进行比较表明，所得结果吻合良好。在高雷诺数和韦伯数下，对流动中强烈变形的水滴进行了仿真，以证明所提出方法的功能。液滴之后出现的流场非常复杂并且是三维的。 （C）2008 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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