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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of endotoxin research >Structure and metabolism of peptidoglycan and molecular requirements allowing its detection by the Drosophila innate immune system.
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Structure and metabolism of peptidoglycan and molecular requirements allowing its detection by the Drosophila innate immune system.

机译：肽聚糖的结构和代谢以及分子要求使其能够被果蝇先天免疫系统检测到。

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摘要

Peptidoglycan (murein) is a major essential and specific constituent of the bacterial cell wall. Its main function is to protect cells against the internal osmotic pressure and to maintain the characteristic cell shape. It also serves as a platform for the anchoring of specific proteins and other cell wall components. This giant macromolecule is composed of long glycan chains cross-linked by short peptides. Any alteration of the disaccharide-peptide basic unit results in a global change of peptidoglycan structure and properties. Such global variations are encountered in nature as conserved variations along phyletic lines but have sometimes been acquired as a result of mutations or as a mechanism of resistance against cell-wall targeted antibiotics. During bacterial cell growth and division, the peptidoglycan mesh is constantly broken down by a set of highly specific hydrolases in a maturation process allowing insertion of newly synthesized units in the pre-existing polymerized material. Depending on the bacterial species considered, degradation fragments are either released in the growth medium or efficiently re-utilized for synthesis of new murein in a sequence of events termed the recycling pathway. Peptidoglycan is one of the main pathogen-associated molecular patterns recognized by the host innate immune system. Variations of the structure and metabolism of this cell wall component have been exploited by host defense mechanisms for detection/identification of invading bacterial species. Modification of the peptidoglycan structure could also represent a mechanism allowing bacteria to escape these host defense systems.
机译：肽聚糖（murein）是细菌细胞壁的主要基本组成部分。它的主要功能是保护细胞免受内部渗透压的影响，并保持特征细胞的形状。它也可作为锚定特定蛋白质和其他细胞壁成分的平台。这个巨大的大分子由短肽交联的长聚糖链组成。二糖肽基本单元的任何改变都会导致肽聚糖结构和性质的整体变化。这种全局变异在自然界中是沿进化系的保守变异，但有时由于突变或作为对细胞壁靶向抗生素的耐药机制而获得。在细菌细胞生长和分裂过程中，肽聚糖筛网在成熟过程中不断被一组高度特异性的水解酶分解，从而允许新合成的单元插入预先存在的聚合材料中。根据所考虑的细菌种类，降解片段可以在生长培养基中释放出来，也可以有效地重新利用以合成新的鼠李素，发生一系列称为循环途径的事件。肽聚糖是宿主固有免疫系统识别的主要病原体相关分子模式之一。该细胞壁成分的结构和代谢的变化已被宿主防御机制用于检测/鉴定入侵细菌物种。肽聚糖结构的修饰也可以代表一种机制，使细菌能够逃脱这些宿主防御系统。

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