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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of neuroscience, psychology, and economics >Individual differences in self-control in a time discounting task: An fMRI study
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Individual differences in self-control in a time discounting task: An fMRI study

机译：减时任务中自我控制的个体差异：一项功能磁共振成像研究

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摘要

The tendency to devalue rewards when offered later in time is known as time discounting and, although universal, shows interindividual differences that are proposed to be dependent on an individual's self-control abilities. In the current study we investigate how the neural correlates of delaying gratification during a time discounting task are associated with individual differences in self-control ability. We assess individual differences on the basis of a self-reported Effortful Control (Adult Temperament Questionnaire) and actual behavior during the task, while controlling for age. Using event-related fMRI, in a population of 41 healthy 18-24-year-old males, choosing for the delayed option activated a network including the inferior frontal gyrus, lateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices, and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Decisions of individuals who delay more often during the task are associated with more activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. They furthermore show correlated activity between the inferior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and medial prefrontal regions during decision making compared with individuals who behave more impulsively. Choosing for the earlier reward was not associated with any increases in brain activation compared to choosing for the delayed reward. However, individuals who behave more impulsively show more activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (anterior cingulate cortex, medial frontal gyrus), and no correlated activity with the inferior frontal gyrus. These findings could not be replicated when groups were based on self-report data. We conclude that individual differences in self-control during time discounting may partly result from differential activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
机译：当在较晚的时间提供奖励时，贬值的趋势被称为时间折扣，尽管普遍存在，但显示出个体之间的差异，这种差异被认为取决于个人的自我控制能力。在当前的研究中，我们研究了在时间打折任务中延迟满足的神经相关如何与自我控制能力的个体差异相关联。我们根据自我报告的努力控制（成人气质问卷）和任务期间的实际行为，同时控制年龄，评估个人差异。使用事件相关的fMRI，在41名健康的18-24岁男性人群中，选择延迟选项激活了一个网络，包括额下回，额叶外侧和腹侧前额叶皮质以及眶额叶外侧皮质。在任务中延迟时间更多的人的决策与背外侧前额叶皮层的更多活动相关。他们还显示，与行为冲动的个体相比，下额回，背外侧前额皮层和内侧额前区域之间的相关活动。与选择延迟奖励相比，选择较早的奖励与大脑活动的增加无关。然而，表现得更冲动的个体在内侧额前皮层（前扣带回皮层，内侧额叶回）中显示出更多的激活，并且与下方额叶回没有相关的活动。当小组基于自我报告数据时，这些发现无法复制。我们得出结论，在打折期间自我控制的个体差异可能部分是由背外侧前额叶皮层的差异激活引起的。

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