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Vaccines against advanced melanoma

机译：抗晚期黑色素瘤疫苗

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Research shows that cancers are recognized by the immune system but that the immune recognition of tumors does not uniformly result in tumor rejection or regression. Quantitating the success or failure of the immune system in tumor elimination is difficult because we do not really know the total numbers of encounters of the immune system with the tumors. Regardless of that important issue, recognition of the tumor by the immune system implicitly contains the idea of the tumor antigen, which is what is actually recognized. We review the molecular identity of all forms of tumor antigens (antigens with specific mutations, cancer-testis antigens, differentiation antigens, over-expressed antigens) and discuss the use of these multiple forms of antigens in experimental immunotherapy of mouse and human melanoma. These efforts have been uniformly unsuccessful; however, the approaches that have not worked or have somewhat worked have been the source of many new insights into melanoma immunology. From a critical review of the various approaches to vaccine therapy we conclude that individual cancer-specific mutations are truly the only sources of cancer-specific antigens, and therefore, the most attractive targets for immunotherapy. ? 2013.
机译：研究表明，癌症被免疫系统识别，但是对肿瘤的免疫识别并不能统一导致肿瘤排斥或消退。量化免疫系统在消除肿瘤中的成功或失败是困难的，因为我们并不真正知道免疫系统与肿瘤相遇的总数。不管这个重要问题如何，免疫系统对肿瘤的识别都隐含着肿瘤抗原的概念，而这实际上是公认的。我们审查了所有形式的肿瘤抗原（具有特定突变的抗原，癌症-睾丸抗原，分化抗原，过表达的抗原）的分子同一性，并讨论了这些多种形式的抗原在小鼠和人黑素瘤的实验性免疫治疗中的用途。这些努力始终没有成功;然而，尚未奏效或有些奏效的方法已成为黑色素瘤免疫学许多新见解的来源。通过对各种疫苗治疗方法的严格审查，我们得出结论，单个癌症特异性突变确实是癌症特异性抗原的唯一来源，因此是免疫疗法最有吸引力的靶标。 ？ 2013。

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