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What are outcomes?

机译：什么是结果？

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Understanding the important aspects of measuring outcomes will prepare pharmacists for changes in the marketplace and help them to assess the results of studies that will appear in subsequent issues of the Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association and the research journals of other health services professions. In any evaluation of quality, all three quality measures (structure, process, and outcomes) must be considered. No one measure, in isolation, can describe the quality of care provided. Thus, the best patient care will come from health care practitioners who document structure, process, and outcomes and who evaluate these measures to provide appropriate care. The pharmacist cannot dispense prescriptions or provide pharmaceutical care without a pharmacy, drug inventory, or patient profiles, all of which are important structural inputs. The pharmacist takes a medication history, monitors the drug regimen, and counsels the patient on the appropriate way to use the treatment, all vital process activities. The objective of these inputs and actions is to improve the health status of the patient. Outcomes, therefore, are the intended endpoints of care, and occasional unintended effects (e.g., adverse drug reactions) as well. The future of pharmacy rests on demonstrating the positive effect of pharmaceutical care on patient outcomes. Pharmacists have always been part of the system of checks and balances in health care delivery. As the provision of health services changes, opportunities to assess the process and structure of care and to document patient outcomes will increase. Pharmacists are well positioned to intervene in patient care, but if they do not demonstrate the value of pharmacy services, they will face competition from alternative providers. Some have even suggested less expensive alternatives to having pharmacists dispense medications. Pharmacists must establish that their role goes beyond dispensing to include cognitive services such as compliance programs, screening services, glucose monitoring, and disease management programs. Pharmacists must document their role and its effects on patient outcomes.
机译：理解衡量结果的重要方面，将使药剂师为适应市场变化做好准备，并帮助他们评估将在随后的《美国药学会杂志》和其他卫生服务专业研究期刊上发表的研究结果。在任何质量评估中，必须考虑所有三个质量度量（结构，过程和结果）。孤立地，没有一项措施可以描述所提供的护理质量。因此，最好的患者护理将来自医护人员，他们应记录结构，过程和结果，并评估这些措施以提供适当的护理。如果没有药房，药品清单或患者资料，这些都是重要的结构输入，那么药剂师就无法分发处方或提供药物护理。药剂师应记录用药史，监视用药方案，并以适当的方式（包括所有重要的过程活动）为患者提供治疗建议。这些投入和行动的目的是改善患者的健康状况。因此，结果是预期的护理终点，以及偶然的意外影响（例如药物不良反应）。药学的未来取决于证明药物治疗对患者预后的积极作用。药剂师一直是卫生保健提供制衡机制的一部分。随着卫生服务的提供发生变化，评估护理过程和结构以及记录患者结果的机会将增加。药剂师在干预患者护理方面处于有利位置，但是如果他们没有证明药房服务的价值，他们将面临其他提供商的竞争。一些人甚至建议让药剂师分配药物的更便宜的选择。药剂师必须确定其作用不仅仅包括分配，还包括认知服务，例如依从性计划，筛查服务，葡萄糖监测和疾病管理计划。药剂师必须记录其作用及其对患者预后的影响。

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