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Who gains from trade reform? some remaining puzzles

机译:谁从贸易改革中受益?剩下的一些难题

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This paper focuses on three unresolved issues with regard to the impact of trade reform. First, many studies linking trade reform to long run growth are surprisingly fragile. To illustrate the problems with this literature, we examine a popular measure of openness recently introduced by Sachs and Warner [Sachs, J., Warner, A., 1995. Economic reform and the process of global integration. Brookings Papers on Economics Activity 1, pp. 1-117]. We show that their measure fails to establish a robust link between more open trade policies and long run growth. The second puzzle we identify is the small impact of trade reform on employment in developing countries. Finally, we analyze evidence on the relationship between trade reform and rising wage inequality, focusing on the 1985 Mexican trade reform. Wage inequality in Mexico rose after the reform, which is puzzling in a Heckscher-Ohlin context if Mexico has a comparative advantage in producing low skill-intensive goods.
机译:本文着眼于贸易改革影响的三个尚未解决的问题。首先,许多将贸易改革与长期增长联系起来的研究非常脆弱。为了说明这些文献所存在的问题,我们考察了萨克斯和华纳最近提出的一种普遍的开放度[萨克斯,J。,华纳,1995年。经济改革和全球一体化的过程。布鲁金斯经济学活动论文集1,第1-117页]。我们表明,他们的措施未能在更开放的贸易政策和长期增长之间建立牢固的联系。我们发现的第二个难题是贸易改革对发展中国家就业的微小影响。最后,我们以1985年墨西哥的贸易改革为重点,分析了贸易改革与工资不平等加剧之间关系的证据。改革后,墨西哥的工资不平等加剧,如果墨西哥在生产低技能密集型产品方面具有比较优势,那么这在赫克彻·奥林的背景下令人困惑。

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