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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Wildlife Management >Survival and Productivity of Eastern Wild Turkey Females in Contrasting Landscapes in Wisconsin
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Survival and Productivity of Eastern Wild Turkey Females in Contrasting Landscapes in Wisconsin

机译：威斯康星州不同景观的东部野火鸡雌虫的生存和生产力

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Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) have colonized the entire state of Wisconsin, USA since being successfully reintroduced in the 1970s. Recently, conservation groups have expressed concerns regarding habitat quantity and quality in association with population plateaus and declines in local abundance in some portions of the state. Estimates of survival and productivity are needed to identify the current population status and for drafting effective management plans. We evaluated female eastern wild turkey demographic parameters and the relationship of these parameters to landscape composition between townships that were forest-dominated and those that were primarily open (e.g., cropland, pasture) in southwest and west-central Wisconsin. We radiomarked 129 female eastern wild turkeys during a 2-year field study (2010-2012). Seasonal variation and landscape effects on survival were important components in our top models, which accounted for >98% of the relative support. Seasonal survival (+/- SE) was lowest during spring (15 Mar-18 Jul) across both landscapes (0.672 +/- 0.039). The model-averaged estimate of annual (15 Mar-14 Mar) female survival across all study townships was 0.515 +/- 0.035 and survival estimates were lower in forested landscapes (2010=0.450 +/- 0.075, 2011=0.279 +/- 0.094) than in open landscapes (2010=0.707 +/- 0.053, 2011=0.651 +/- 0.045). Predation accounted for 77.8% of all mortalities and was highest during spring; predator-related mortalities were more frequent in forested townships (P=0.027). Nest survival was similar in forested landscapes (theta=0.273 +/- 0.08) and open landscapes ((theta) over cap =0.201 +/- 0.07). Additionally, we estimated apparent nesting success to be 0.256 +/- 0.04 and it was not different between landscapes (P=0.573). Poult survival was lower in forested landscapes compared to open landscapes at 4 weeks post-hatch (P=0.008). Differences in eastern wild turkey population demographics may exist in separate local populations that are in close albeit different types of landscapes. Management of eastern wild turkeys that enhances female and poult survival during the nesting and brood-rearing periods can greatly influence population growth, particularly in forest-dominant landscapes. (c) 2014 The Wildlife Society.
机译：自从1970年代成功引进以来，东部野火鸡（Meleagris gallopavo silvestris）已在美国威斯康星州的整个殖民地定居。最近，保护组织对与栖息地高原有关的栖息地数量和质量以及该州某些地区当地的丰度下降表示关注。需要估计生存率和生产率，以识别当前的人口状况并起草有效的管理计划。我们评估了威斯康星州西南部和中西部威斯康星州女性东部野火鸡的人口统计学参数以及这些参数与森林为主的乡镇与主要开放的乡镇（例如农田，牧场）之间的景观组成之间的关系。在为期2年的田野研究（2010-2012年）中，我们为129只东部东部女性野火鸡加了放射性标记。季节变化和景观对生存的影响是我们顶级模型的重要组成部分，占相对支持的98％以上。春季（3月15日至7月18日）的季节性生存率最低（0.672 +/- 0.039）。该模型在所有研究乡镇中的年度平均女性生存时间（3月15日至3月14日）为0.515 +/- 0.035，在森林景观中的生存率较低（2010 = 0.450 +/- 0.075，2011 = 0.279 +/- 0.094 ）而不是开放景观（2010 = 0.707 +/- 0.053，2011 = 0.651 +/- 0.045）。捕食占所有死亡的77.8％，在春季最高。在森林小镇，与捕食者相关的死亡率更高（P = 0.027）。巢景在森林景观中（theta = 0.273 +/- 0.08）和开放景观中（在顶盖上的θ= 0.201 +/- 0.07）相似。此外，我们估计明显的嵌套成功率为0.256 +/- 0.04，并且在景观之间没有差异（P = 0.573）。孵化后4周，森林景观的家禽存活率低于开放景观（P = 0.008）。东部野生火鸡种群人口统计数据的差异可能存在于彼此接近的地方种群中，尽管这些地区的景观类型不同。东部野火鸡的管理可以在筑巢和育雏期间提高雌性和家禽的存活率，这可以极大地影响种群的增长，尤其是在以森林为主的地区。 （c）2014年野生动物协会。

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