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Why chloroplasts and mitochondria contain genomes

机译：为什么叶绿体和线粒体包含基因组

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Chloroplasts and mitochondria originated as bacterial symbionts. The larger, host cells acquired genetic information from their prokaryotic guests by lateral gene transfer. The prokaryotically-derived genes of the eukaryotic cell nucleus now function to encode the great majority of chloroplast and mitochondrial proteins, as well as many proteins of the nucleus and cytosol. Genes are copied and moved between cellular compartments with relative ease, and there is no established obstacle to successful import of any protein precursor from the cytosol. Yet chloroplasts and mitochondrial have not abdicated all genes and gene expression to the nucleus and to cytosolic translation. What, then, do chloroplast- and mitochondrially-encoded proteins have in common that confers a selective advantage on the cytoplasmic location of their genes? The proposal advanced here is that co-location of chloroplast and mitochondrial genes with their gene products is required for rapid and direct regulatory coupling. Redox control of gene expression is suggested as the common feature of those chloroplast and mitochondrial proteins that are encoded in situ. Recent evidence is consistent with this hypothesis, and its underlying assumptions and predictions are described.
机译：叶绿体和线粒体起源于细菌共生体。较大的宿主细胞通过侧向基因转移从原核生物获得遗传信息。现在，真核细胞核的原核衍生基因可编码绝大多数叶绿体和线粒体蛋白，以及许多核和胞质蛋白。基因可以相对轻松地复制并在细胞区室之间移动，并且从成功地从细胞质导入任何蛋白质前体都没有确定的障碍。然而，叶绿体和线粒体并没有使所有基因和基因表达退位到细胞核和胞质翻译中。那么，叶绿体和线粒体编码的蛋白质有什么共同点，赋予它们基因的胞质定位选择性优势？这里提出的建议是，叶绿体和线粒体基因与其基因产物的共置位是快速直接调节耦合所必需的。基因表达的氧化还原控制被认为是原位编码的叶绿体和线粒体蛋白的共同特征。最近的证据与此假说相符，并描述了其基本假设和预测。

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