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Oxytocin's role in anxiety: A critical appraisal

机译：催产素在焦虑中的作用：关键评估

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A growing literature suggests that the oxytocin (OT) system may play a role in human anxiety states, anxiety-related traits, and moreover, that this system may be a target for the development of novel anxiolytic treatments. However, studies of OT's acute and chronic effects on various aspects of anxiety have produced mixed results. In this forward-looking review, we discuss the myriad phenomena to which the term "anxiety" is applied in the OT literature and the problem this presents developing a coherent picture of OT's role in anxiety. We then survey several different fields of research that support the role of the OT system in human anxiety, including evolutionary perspectives, translational and neuroimaging research, genetic studies, and clinical trials of intranasal OT. As an outgrowth of this data, we propose a "bowtie" model of OT's role at the interface of social attachment and anxiety. We next direct attention to understudied brain regions and neural circuits which may be important to study in OT experiments in humans anxiety disorders. Finally, we conclude by proposing questions and priorities for studying both the clinical potential of OT in anxiety, as well as mechanisms that may underlie this potential. Crucially, these priorities include targeted proof-of-concept clinical trials of IN OT in certain anxiety disorders, including investigations of individual moderators of OT's anxiolytic effects (i.e. sex, genetic factors, and early experience).
机译：越来越多的文献表明催产素（OT）系统可能在人的焦虑状态，焦虑相关性状中发挥作用，此外，该系统可能成为新型抗焦虑治疗方法的开发目标。然而，对OT对焦虑的各个方面的急性和慢性影响的研究却产生了不同的结果。在此前瞻性评论中，我们讨论了OT文学中应用“焦虑”一词的各种现象，以及由此产生的有关OT在焦虑中作用的连贯图景的问题。然后，我们调查了支持OT系统在人类焦虑中作用的几个不同研究领域，包括进化观点，翻译和神经影像学研究，基因研究以及鼻内OT的临床试验。作为这些数据的补充，我们提出了在社交依恋和焦虑的界面上OT角色的“领结”模型。接下来，我们将直接关注未被充分研究的大脑区域和神经回路，这对于在人类焦虑症的OT实验中进行研究可能很重要。最后，我们通过提出一些问题和优先级来进行研究，以研究焦虑症中OT的临床潜力以及潜在的潜在机制。至关重要的是，这些优先事项包括针对某些焦虑症的IN OT的针对性概念验证临床试验，包括对OT的抗焦虑作用的个体调节剂（即性别，遗传因素和早期经历）进行调查。

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