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首页> 外文期刊>Brain research >Axon ensheathment and metabolic supply by glial cells in Drosophila
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Axon ensheathment and metabolic supply by glial cells in Drosophila

机译：果蝇胶质细胞的轴突鞘和代谢供给。

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摘要

Neuronal function requires constant working conditions and a well-balanced supply of ions and metabolites. The metabolic homeostasis in the nervous system crucially depends on the presence of glial cells, which nurture and isolate neuronal cells. Here we review recent findings on how these tasks are performed by glial cells in the genetically amenable model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Despite the small size of its nervous system, which would allow diffusion of metabolites, a surprising division of labor between glial cells and neurons is evident. Glial cells are glycolytically active and transfer lactate and alanine to neurons. Neurons in turn do not require glycolysis but can use the glially provided compounds for their energy homeostasis. Besides feeding neurons, glial cells also insulate neuronal axons in a way similar to Remak fibers in the mammalian nervous system. The molecular mechanisms orchestrating this insulation require neuregulin signaling and resemble the mechanisms controlling glial differentiation in mammals surprisingly well. We hypothesize that metabolic cross talk and insulation of neurons by glial cells emerged early during evolution as two closely interlinked features in the nervous system.
机译：神经元功能需要恒定的工作条件以及均衡的离子和代谢物供应。神经系统中的代谢稳态主要取决于神经胶质细胞的存在，神经胶质细胞可以滋养和分离神经元细胞。在这里，我们审查关于遗传上可适应的模型生物果蝇果蝇中神经胶质细胞如何执行这些任务的最新发现。尽管其神经系统较小，可允许代谢物扩散，但神经胶质细胞和神经元之间的惊人分工是显而易见的。胶质细胞具有糖酵解活性，并将乳酸和丙氨酸转移至神经元。神经元反过来不需要糖酵解，但可以使用神经胶质提供的化合物进行能量稳态。除了喂食神经元外，神经胶质细胞还以类似于哺乳动物神经系统中的Remak纤维的方式绝缘神经元轴突。策划这种隔离的分子机制需要神经调节蛋白信号转导，并且类似于控制哺乳动物中神经胶质分化的机制。我们假设神经胶质细胞的代谢串扰和神经隔离是在进化过程中作为神经系统中两个紧密联系的特征而出现的。

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