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Genetic bottlenecks driven by population disconnection

机译：人口分离导致的遗传瓶颈

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Connectivity among populations plays a crucial role in maintaining genetic variation at a local scale, especially in small populations affected strongly by genetic drift. The negative consequences of population disconnection on allelic richness and gene diversity (heterozygosity) are well recognized and empirically established. It is not well recognized, however, that a sudden drop in local effective population size induced by such disconnection produces a temporary disequilibrium in allelic frequency distributions that is akin to the genetic signature of a demographic bottleneck. To document this effect, we used individual-based simulations and empirical data on allelic richness and gene diversity in six pairs of isolated versus well-connected (core) populations of European tree frogs. In our simulations, population disconnection depressed allelic richness more than heterozygosity and thus resulted in a temporary excess in gene diversity relative to mutation drift equilibrium (i.e., signature of a genetic bottleneck). We observed a similar excess in gene diversity in isolated populations of tree frogs. Our results show that population disconnection can create a genetic bottleneck in the absence of demographic collapse.
机译：种群之间的连通性在维持本地规模的遗传变异中起着至关重要的作用，尤其是在受到遗传漂移严重影响的小种群中。人群分离对等位基因丰富性和基因多样性（杂合性）的负面影响已得到充分认识并凭经验确定。然而，尚未充分认识到，由这种断开引起的局部有效种群大小的突然下降会导致等位基因频率分布出现暂时的不平衡，这类似于人口瓶颈的遗传特征。为了证明这种效果，我们使用了基于个体的模拟和经验数据，对六对孤立的且相互连接的（核心）欧洲树蛙种群进行了等位基因丰富性和基因多样性研究。在我们的模拟中，种群分离比杂合性更能抑制等位基因丰富，因此相对于突变漂移平衡（即遗传瓶颈的特征）导致基因多样性暂时过量。我们在孤立的树蛙种群中观察到相似的基因多样性过量。我们的结果表明，在没有人口崩溃的情况下，人口断开会造成遗传瓶颈。

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