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Mechanistic insight into stereoselective carbolithiation

机译:立体选择性碳硼化的机械洞察力

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This article addresses the mechanistic features of asymmetric carbolithiation of β-methylstyrenes. While often the presence of functional groups is required to obtain high enantioselectivities in carbolithiation reactions, simple β-methylstyrene also gives high selectivities in (-)-sparteine-mediated addition of alkyl lithium compounds. Computational studies on the carbolithiation of β-methylstyrene with (-)-sparteine show that the observed selectivities are the result of repulsion effects in the diastereomeric transition states between the (-)-sparteine-alkyl lithium adduct and the β-methylstyrene, upon approximation of the two reactants. In contrast, for the ortho-amino β-methylstyrene (E)-benzyl(2-propenylphenyl) amine (4) X-ray structure analyses of intermediate lithium amides indicate a carbolithiation mechanism in which one side of the double bond is shielded by the amide moiety, leaving only one side free for approach of the chiral alkyl lithium adduct.
机译:本文讨论了β-甲基苯乙烯不对称碳锂化的机理。尽管通常需要官能团的存在才能在羰基化反应中获得高对映选择性,但简单的β-甲基苯乙烯在(-)-天冬氨酸介导的烷基锂化合物的加成中也具有很高的选择性。对β-甲基苯乙烯与(-)-天冬氨酸碳环化的计算研究表明,观察到的选择性是(-)-天冬氨酸-烷基锂加合物与β-甲基苯乙烯之间非对映过渡态的排斥作用的结果。两种反应物中的一种。相比之下,对于邻氨基β-甲基苯乙烯(E)-苄基(2-丙烯基苯基)胺(4),对中间锂酰胺的X射线结构分析表明,碳双锂的形成机理是双键的一侧被甲酰胺部分,仅留下一侧用于手性烷基锂加合物的接近。

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