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Metal Ions Play an Essential Catalytic Role in the Mechanism of Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase

机译:金属离子在甲油酸还原异构酶作用机理中起重要催化作用

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摘要

Ketol-acid reductoisomerase (KARI) is a Mg2+-dependent enzyme in the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway. It catalyses a complex two-part reaction: an alkyl migration followed by a NADPH-dependent reduction. Both reactions occur within the one active site, but in particular, the mechanism of the isomerisation step is poorly understood. Here, using a combination of kinetic, thermodynamic and spectroscopic techniques, the reaction mechanisms of both Escherichia coli and rice KARI have been investigated. We propose a conserved mechanism of catalysis, whereby a hydroxide, bridging the two Mg2+ ions in the active site, initiates the reaction by abstracting a proton from the C2 alcohol group of the substrate. While the m-hydroxide-bridged dimetallic centre is pre-assembled in the bacterial enzyme, in plant KARI substrate binding leads to a reduction of the metal-metal distance with the concomitant formation of a hydroxide bridge. Only Mg2+ is capable of promoting the isomerisation reaction, likely to be due to non-competent substrate binding in the presence of other metal ions.
机译:酮酸还原异构酶(KARI)是支链氨基酸生物合成途径中的Mg2 +依赖性酶。它催化一个复杂的两部分反应:烷基迁移,然后是NADPH依赖性还原。两种反应都在一个活性位点内发生,但是特别是,异构化步骤的机理了解得很少。在此,结合动力学,热力学和光谱技术,研究了大肠杆菌和大米KARI的反应机理。我们提出了一种保守的催化机理,其中在活性位点桥接两个Mg2 +离子的氢氧化物通过从底物的C2醇基团中提取质子来引发反应。虽然在细菌酶中预组装了间羟基桥接的双金属中心,但在植物中,KARI底物的结合导致金属与金属的距离减少,并伴随着氢氧化物桥的形成。仅Mg2 +能够促进异构化反应,这可能是由于在其他金属离子存在下底物结合不佳所致。

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