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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Global pistachio production and marketing challenges in Iran.
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Global pistachio production and marketing challenges in Iran.

机译：伊朗的全球开心果生产和销售挑战。

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摘要

Export of agriculture products has an important role in non-petroleum export and has specific significance among the agriculture product of pistachio, its export from Iran going to parts of the world since 2500 years ago. Pistachio figures prominently among other nuts due to its nutritious value. Pistachio trees are the second plant (after date) that can be alive for a long time without water. Until 1979, Iran was the only unique exporter of pistachio that entered into the world market through offering the pistachios product of California with competitive qualification and use of facilities. According to the latest statistics released by the World Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) affiliated to the United Nations, the pistachio production in the world stood at 548,759 metric tons (MTs) in 2002, Iran ranking first with a production of 300,000 MTs. The pistachio gardens in Iran's rival country, the US occupies a total area of 44,000 hectares vs. 280,000 hectares in Iran. Aflatoxin is one of the serious problems in pistachio industries, some pistachios have suitable conditions for growth of fungus within the fruit, which are the basis of aflatoxin, because of different reasons, the most important of them being splitting of the external green layer of the fruit and maybe with aflatoxin. Therefore maximum levels for aflatoxin should be determined. In this study, weather conditions for pistachio planting, provinces that are planting pistachio in Iran and statistics of pistachio production in these provinces, kinds of pistachio existing in Iran, statistic study of Iran pistachio export during a few years using valid resources and strategies to increase Iran pistachio export in global markets are discussed.
机译：农产品出口在非石油出口中具有重要作用，并且在开心果农产品中具有特殊意义，开心果农产品自2500年前就从伊朗出口到世界各地。开心果由于其营养价值而在其他坚果中占突出地位。开心果树是第二种植物（日期过后），可以在没有水的情况下长期存活。直到1979年，伊朗一直是通过向加利福尼亚的开心果产品提供具有竞争力的资格和设施使用而进入世界市场的唯一开心果出口国。根据隶属于联合国的世界粮食及农业组织（粮农组织）发布的最新统计数据，2002年世界开心果产量为548,759公吨，伊朗以300,000公吨的产量排名第一。美国的竞争对手开心果花园占美国总面积的44,000公顷，而伊朗则为280,000公顷。黄曲霉毒素是开心果产业中的严重问题之一，一些开心果具有适合水果内真菌生长的条件，这是黄曲霉毒素的基础，由于不同的原因，其中最重要的是分裂果皮的外部绿色层。水果，也许还含有黄曲霉毒素。因此，应确定黄曲霉毒素的最大含量。在这项研究中，开心果种植的天气条件，在伊朗种植开心果的省份以及这些省的开心果产量统计数据，伊朗存在的开心果种类，几年内使用有效资源和增加策略对伊朗开心果出口进行的统计研究讨论了伊朗开心果在全球市场的出口情况。

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