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首页> 外文期刊>ACS applied materials & interfaces >Photo-Carrier Multi-Dynamical Imaging at the Nanometer Scale in Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells
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Photo-Carrier Multi-Dynamical Imaging at the Nanometer Scale in Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells

机译：有机和无机太阳能电池中纳米级的光电载体多动态成像

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摘要

Investigating the photocarrier dynamics in nanostructured and heterogeneous energy materials is of crucial importance from both fundamental and technological points of view. Here, we demonstrate how noncontact atomic force microscopy combined with Kelvin probe force microscopy under frequency-modulated illumination can be used to simultaneously image the surface photopotential dynamics at different time scales with a sub-10 nm lateral resolution. The basic principle of the method consists in the acquisition of spectroscopic curves of the surface potential as a function of the illumination frequency modulation on a two-dimensional grid. We show how this frequency-spectroscopy can be used to probe simultaneously the charging rate and several decay processes involving short-lived and long-lived carriers. With this approach, dynamical images of the trap-filling, trap delayed recombination and nongeminate recombination processes have been acquired in nanophase segregated organic donor acceptor bulk heterojunction thin films. Furthermore, the spatial variation of the minority carrier lifetime has been imaged in polycrystalline silicon thin films. These results establish two-dimensional multidynamical photovoltage imaging as a universal tool for local investigations of the photocarrier dynamics in photoactive materials and devices.
机译：从基础和技术的角度来看，研究纳米结构和非均质能量材料中的光载流子动力学至关重要。在这里，我们演示了如何在频率调制照明下将非接触原子力显微镜与开尔文探针力显微镜相结合，以不同的时间尺度同时以小于10 nm的横向分辨率对表面光动力进行成像。该方法的基本原理在于，根据二维网格上的照明频率调制，获取表面电势的光谱曲线。我们展示了如何使用这种频谱分析仪同时探测充电速率和涉及短寿命和长寿命载流子的几种衰变过程。通过这种方法，已经在纳米相分离的有机供体受体本体异质结薄膜中获得了陷阱填充，陷阱延迟重组和非gegeming重组过程的动态图像。此外，少数载流子寿命的空间变化已在多晶硅薄膜中成像。这些结果建立了二维多动态光电压成像技术，作为对光敏材料和器件中光载流子动力学进行局部研究的通用工具。

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