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首页> 外文期刊>American Journal of Physiology >Baroreflexes of the rat. III. Open-loop gain and electroencephalographic arousal.
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Baroreflexes of the rat. III. Open-loop gain and electroencephalographic arousal.

机译：大鼠的压力反射。三，开环增益和脑电图唤醒。

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In early studies of humans, baroreflex sensitivity was found to be higher during sleep; however, subsequent observations in several species, including humans, have been at variance with the original reports. Sleep and arousal are behavioral states, and it is difficult to accurately and repeatedly measure baroreflex sensitivity in behaving animals. However, pharmacologically immobilized (neuromuscularly blocked) rats have apparently normal sleep-wakefulness cycles, and baroreflex gain can be measured directly in this preparation. Using the delta band of the EEG (EEG(delta)) as an index of sleep and arousal and open-loop aortic depressor nerve (ADN) stimulation as a baroreflex input, we found that blood pressure (BP) level depended on arousal (r = -0.416; P < 0.0001), and BP baroreflex gain depended on BP level (r = 0.496; P < 0.0001), but that BP baroreflex gain was independent of arousal (r = 0.001; NS). Heart period (HP) was different; although HP level depended on arousal (r = 0.352; P < 0.0001), HP baroreflex gain did not depend on HP level (r = 0.029; NS), and HP baroreflex gain increased with arousal (r = 0.315; P < 0.0001). A partial-correlations analysis showed that the presence of the relationship between BP level and BP baroreflex gain probably attenuated the relationship between arousal and BP gain. The results are consistent 1) with physiological findings showing that arousal attenuates afferent transmission through the nucleus of the solitary tract and enhances sympathoinhibition at the rostral ventrolateral medulla; and 2) with observations in humans and animals showing increased cardiac baroreflex sensitivity during sleep, but little if any effect of sleep on BP baroreflex sensitivity. The findings are relevant to all methods of baroreflex gain estimation that use HP as the index of baroreflex activation.
机译：在人类的早期研究中，发现睡眠时压力反射敏感性较高;而在睡眠期间，压力反射敏感性较高。但是，后来在包括人类在内的几个物种中观察到的结果与原始报告不一致。睡眠和唤醒是行为状态，很难准确重复地测量行为动物的压力反射敏感性。但是，药理学上固定的（被神经肌肉阻滞的）大鼠显然具有正常的睡眠-觉醒周期，并且可以在该制剂中直接测量压力反射性增益。使用脑电图的三角带（EEG（delta））作为睡眠，觉醒和开环主动脉降压神经（ADN）刺激作为压力反射输入的指标，我们发现血压（BP）水平取决于觉醒（r = -0.416; P <0.0001），并且BP压力反射增益取决于BP水平（r = 0.496; P <0.0001），但是BP压力反射增益与唤醒无关（r = 0.001; NS）。心周期（HP）不同;尽管HP水平取决于觉醒（r = 0.352; P <0.0001），但HP压力反射增益不取决于HP水平（r = 0.029; NS），HP压力反射增益随觉醒而增加（r = 0.315; P <0.0001）。偏相关分析表明，血压水平与血压压力反射增益之间的关系可能会减弱唤醒与血压增益之间的关系。结果与1）的生理结果一致，即生理学发现唤醒引起通过孤立道核的传入传递减弱，并增强了在延髓腹侧延髓的交感抑制; 2）在人和动物中的观察结果表明，睡眠期间心脏压力反射敏感性增加，但是睡眠对BP压力反射敏感性的影响很小，甚至没有影响。这些发现与所有将HP作为压力反射激活指标的压力反射增益估算方法有关。

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