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Vaccines of the future

机译：未来的疫苗

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Vaccines of the future can be divided into three broad groups, namely those of the near future (<10 years); the medium-term future (10-19 years); and the long-term future (20-50 years). For the near future there is some "low hanging fruit" which is clearly on the horizon, such as a Vi-conjugate vaccine for typhoid or a protein-based vaccine for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. Just slightly more distant will be vaccines for shigellosis and a common protein vaccine for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Also in this group, but not as far advanced, will be a vaccine for Group A streptococcus. 1 place vaccines for the "big three", malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS in the medium term basket. The sporozoite malaria vaccine RTS-S is closest, but surely a definitive malaria vaccine will also require antigens from other stages of the life cycle. A tuberculosis vaccine will be either a re-engineered BCG; or a molecular vaccine with several protein antigens; or one based on prime-boost strategies. What will delaythis is the high cost of clinical trials. For HIV/AIDS, the partial success of the Sanofi-Pasteur prime-boost vaccine has given some hope. I still place much faith in antibody-based vaccines and especially on mimotopes of the env transitional state assumed after initial CD4 binding. Monoclonal antibodies are also leading us in interesting directions. Longer term the vaccine approach will be successful for autoimmune diseases, e.g. juvenile diabetes and coeliac disease. Cancer vaccines are also brieflysurveyed. Adjunct issues needing to be addressed include more extensive combinations; alternate delivery systems; and more intelligently designed adjuvants based on knowledge of the innate immune system.
机译：未来的疫苗可以分为三大类，即近期（<10年）的疫苗;中期未来（10-19年）;以及长期的未来（20-50年）。在不久的将来，将会出现一些“垂头丧气的果实”，例如伤寒病毒的Vi-缀合物疫苗或脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌血清群B的蛋白质疫苗。肺炎链球菌的常用蛋白疫苗。同样在该组中（但仍未达到晚期）将是A组链球菌的疫苗。在中期，针对“三大疾病”，疟疾，结核病和艾滋病毒/艾滋病的疫苗排名第一。子孢子疟疾疫苗RTS-S最接近，但确定的疟疾疫苗肯定也需要生命周期其他阶段的抗原。结核病疫苗将是重新设计的BCG;或带有几种蛋白质抗原的分子疫苗;或一种基于首推策略的策略。这将延迟这是临床试验的高成本。对于艾滋病毒/艾滋病，赛诺菲-巴斯德优质增强疫苗的部分成功给了人们一些希望。我仍然非常相信基于抗体的疫苗，尤其是最初的CD4结合后假定的env过渡状态的拟表位。单克隆抗体也在引导我们朝着有趣的方向发展。从长远来看，疫苗方法将对自身免疫性疾病（例如肝炎）成功。青少年糖尿病和腹腔疾病。癌症疫苗也进行了简要调查。需要解决的辅助问题包括更广泛的组合;备用输送系统;以及基于先天免疫系统知识而设计的更智能的佐剂。

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