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Accelerated and real-time creep and creep-rupture results for aramid fibers

机译：芳纶纤维的加速和实时蠕变和蠕变断裂结果

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This article presents results from conventional creep tests (CCT) and two accelerated test methods (the stepped isothermal method (SIM) and the stepped isostress method (SSM)) to determine the creep and creep-rupture behavior of two different aramid fibers, Kevlar 49 and Technora. CCT are regarded as the true behavior of the yarn, but they are impractical for long-term use where failures are expected only after many years. All the tests were carried out on the same batches of yarns, and using the same clamping arrangements, so the tests should be directly comparable. For both materials, SIM testing gives good agreement with CCT and gave stress-rupture lifetimes that followed the same trend. However, there was significant variation for SSM testing, especially when testing Technora fibers. The results indicate that Kevlar has a creep strain capacity that is almost independent of stress, whereas Technora shows a creep strain capacity that depends on stress. Its creep strain capacity is approximately two to three times that of Kevlar 49. The accelerated test methods give indirect estimates for the activation energy and the activation volume of the fibers. The activation energy for Technora is about 20% higher than that for Kevlar, meaning that it is less sensitive to the effects of increasing temperature. The activation volume for both materials was similar, and in both cases, stress dependent.
机译：本文介绍了常规蠕变测试（CCT）和两种加速测试方法（阶梯式等温法（SIM）和阶梯式等应力法（SSM））的结果，以确定两种不同的芳纶纤维的蠕变和蠕变断裂行为，Kevlar 49和Technora。 CCT被认为是纱线的真实性能，但是对于希望在多年后才出现故障的长期使用而言，CCT是不切实际的。所有测试均在相同批次的纱线上进行，并使用相同的夹紧装置，因此测试应具有直接可比性。对于这两种材料，SIM测试都与CCT吻合良好，并且应力断裂寿命也遵循相同的趋势。但是，SSM测试存在很大差异，尤其是在测试Technora光纤时。结果表明，凯夫拉尔的蠕变应变能力几乎与应力无关，而Technora的蠕变应变能力取决于应力。它的蠕变应变能力大约是凯夫拉尔49的2到3倍。加速测试方法间接估计了纤维的活化能和活化体积。 Technora的活化能比Kevlar的活化能高约20％，这意味着它对温度升高的影响不太敏感。两种材料的活化体积相似，并且在两种情况下均取决于应力。

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