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Defect-free functionalized graphene sensor for formaldehyde detection

机译：无缺陷的官能化石墨烯传感器，用于甲醛检测

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Graphene has attracted much attention for sensing applications in recent years. Its largest surface-to-volume ratio makes graphene sensors able to potentially detect a single molecule and its extremely high carrier mobility ensures low electrical noise and energy consumption. However, pristine graphene is chemically inert and weakly adsorbs gas molecules, while defective and/or doped graphene has stronger adsorption ability (high sensitivity). The high sensitivity is related to the increased number of defects or traps in graphene where the gas molecules can be readily grafted, changing the sensor resistance. Nonetheless, similar resistance changes could be induced under exposure to different gases, resulting in a lack of selectivity. Functional groups differ drastically from defects or traps since the former selectively anchor specific molecules. Here, we comparatively investigate three functionalization routes and optimize a defect-free one (2,3,5,6,-Tetrafluorohydroquinone, TFQ molecules) for the fabrication of graphene gas sensors. We use TFQ organic molecules as chemical recognition links between graphene and formaldehyde, the most common indoor pollutant gas. The sensor demonstrates a high response and a good selectivity for formaldehyde compared with interfering organic vapours. Particularly, the sensor has a strong immunity to humidity. Our results highlight that defect-free functionalization based on organic molecules not only increases the sensor's response but also its selectivity, paving the way to the design of efficient graphene-based sensors.
机译：近年来，石墨烯已经吸引了对传感应用的关注。其最大的表面到体积比使得石墨烯传感器能够潜在地检测单个分子，其极高的载流子迁移率确保了低电噪声和能量消耗。然而，原始石墨烯是化学惰性的，弱吸附气体分子，而缺陷和/或掺杂的石墨烯具有更强的吸附能力（高灵敏度）。高灵敏度与石墨烯中的缺陷数或陷阱的数量增加有关，其中气体分子可以容易地接枝，改变传感器电阻。尽管如此，可以在暴露于不同的气体下诱导类似的抗性变化，从而缺乏选择性。由于前者选择性地锚定特定分子，官能团从缺陷或疏水物中的缺陷或陷阱不同。这里，我们相对调查三种官能化途径，并优化无缺陷的一种（2,3,5,6,6,6--氟羟基醌，TFQ分子），用于制造石墨烯气体传感器。我们使用TFQ有机分子作为石墨烯和甲醛之间的化学识别环节，是最常见的室内污染气体。与干扰有机蒸气相比，传感器证明了高响应和良好的甲醛选择性。特别是，传感器对湿度具有很强的免疫力。我们的结果强调，基于有机分子的无缺陷功能化不仅提高了传感器的响应，而且还增加了其选择性，铺平了基于高效石墨烯的传感器的设计。

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