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Large intestine

机译:大肠

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Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. These cancers arise through complex interactions between environmental influences and the acquisition and accumulation of gene alterations. Raymond N. DuBois, MD, PhD, (pp 65-71) describes signaling pathways involved in the development of colorectal cancer that may provide effective targets for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. These targets include cyclooxyge-nase-2 (COX-2), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-8 (PPAR8), PPAR(gamma), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptors, and the inducible-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Alterations in pathways involving these molecules play a role in hereditary syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), and sporadic cancer. Gyclooxygenase is a key enzyme responsible for production of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids, and expression of its inducible isoform COX-2 is increased in approximately 80% of human colorectal adenocarcinomas. The mechanism by which COX-2 promotes tumorigenesis is unclear, but recent studies have demonstrated that the nuclear receptor PPAR8 may be activated by prostaglandins.
机译:在美国,结直肠癌是癌症相关死亡率的第二大主要原因。这些癌症是由于环境影响与基因改变的获取和积累之间的复杂相互作用而产生的。 Raymond N. DuBois,医学博士,第65-71页描述了参与结直肠癌发展的信号通路,可为预防和治疗结直肠癌提供有效的靶点。这些靶标包括环氧合酶2(COX-2),过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体8(PPAR8),PPARγ,转化生长因子β(TGF-β)受体和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS )。涉及这些分子的途径的改变在遗传综合征中起作用,例如家族性腺瘤性息肉病(FAP)和遗传性非息肉性结肠直肠癌(HNPCC),以及散发性癌症。环氧合酶是负责产生前列腺素和其他类花生酸的关键酶,其诱导型亚型COX-2的表达在大约80%的人类大肠腺癌中增加。 COX-2促进肿瘤发生的机制尚不清楚,但最近的研究表明核受体PPAR8可能被前列腺素激活。

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