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首页> 外文期刊>Current opinion in gastroenterology >The role of the macrophage in sentinel responses in intestinal immunity.
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The role of the macrophage in sentinel responses in intestinal immunity.

机译：巨噬细胞在肠道免疫中前哨反应中的作用。

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摘要

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to highlight macrophages as central mediators of intestinal immune homeostasis and inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS: We review recent developments elucidating distinct phenotypic adaptations in intestinal macrophages that determine their functional role in a microbe-rich environment. The involvement of intestinal macrophages in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is also discussed. SUMMARY: Intestinal macrophages represent the largest pool of tissue macrophages in the human body and a critical interface with the enteric microbiota. In normal physiology, luminal microbes breach the intestinal epithelial barrier and gain access to the lamina propria. Bacteria are efficiently phagocytosed by macrophages strategically located underneath the epithelium. The importance of functional adaptations of macrophages to perform their role in this unique environment is best illustrated by failure of these mechanisms during the development of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Compared with monocytes or macrophages from any other organ, intestinal macrophages express different phenotypic markers, efficiently eradicate intracellular bacteria, but do not mount potent inflammatory responses. Converging human genetic and functional findings suggest that dysregulation of macrophage-specific immune responses against an otherwise harmless enteric microbiota are key factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
机译：审查的目的：审查的目的是强调巨噬细胞作为肠道免疫稳态和炎症的主要介质。最近的发现：我们回顾了最近的进展，阐明了肠道巨噬细胞中独特的表型适应性，从而决定了它们在富含微生物的环境中的功能。还讨论了肠巨噬细胞参与炎症性肠病的发病机制。简介：肠道巨噬细胞代表了人体中最大的组织巨噬细胞库，并且是与肠道菌群的关键界面。在正常生理中，腔内微生物会突破肠道上皮屏障，并进入固有层。细菌被战略性地位于上皮细胞之下的巨噬细胞有效吞噬。在慢性炎症性肠病的发展过程中，这些机制的失败最能说明巨噬细胞功能适应性在这种独特环境中发挥作用的重要性。与来自任何其他器官的单核细胞或巨噬细胞相比，肠道巨噬细胞表达不同的表型标记，可有效根除细胞内细菌，但不会引起强烈的炎症反应。人类遗传和功能研究结果的不断融合表明，针对原本无害的肠道微生物群的巨噬细胞特异性免疫反应失调是炎症性肠病发病机理的关键因素。

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