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The composition and metabolism of large and small LDL

机译：大，小LDL的组成和代谢

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Decreased size and increased density of LDL have been associated with increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Elevated plasma concentrations of small dense LDL (sdLDL) correlate with high plasma triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol levels. This review highlights recent findings about the metabolism and composition of LDL subfractions. RECENT FINDINGS: The development of an automated assay has recently made possible the assessment of the CHD risk associated with sdLDL in large clinical trials and has demonstrated convincingly that sdLDL cholesterol levels are a more significant independent determinant of CHD risk than total LDL cholesterol. Metabolic studies have revealed that sdLDL particles originate through the delipidation of larger atherogenic VLDL and large LDL and from direct de novo production by the liver. Proteins associated with LDL, in addition to apolipoprotein (apo) B, include the C apolipoproteins, apoA-I, apoA-IV, apoD, apoE, apoF, apoH, apoJ, apoL-1, apoM, α-1 antitrypsin, migration inhibitory factor-related protein 8, lysosome C, prenylcysteine oxidase 1, paraoxonase 1, transthyretin, serum amyloid A4, and fibrinogen α chain. The role of the increasing number of LDL-associated proteins remains unclear; however, the data do indicate that LDL particles not only transport lipids but also carry proteins involved in inflammation and thrombosis. The sdLDL proteome in diabetic individuals differs significantly from that of larger LDL, being enriched in apoC-III. SUMMARY: Progress in our understanding of the composition and metabolism of LDL subfractions strengthens the association between sdLDL and CHD risk.
机译：审查目的：LDL大小减小和密度增加与冠心病（CHD）风险增加有关。血浆中小密度低密度脂蛋白（sdLDL）浓度升高与血浆甘油三酸酯高和HDL胆固醇水平低相关。这篇综述重点介绍了有关LDL亚型代谢和组成的最新发现。最近的发现：自动化分析的发展最近使得在大型临床试验中评估与sdLDL相关的冠心病风险成为可能，并且令人信服地证明，与总LDL胆固醇相比，sdLDL胆固醇水平是更重要的CHD风险独立决定因素。代谢研究表明，sdLDL颗粒源自较大的致动脉粥样硬化性VLDL和大型LDL的脱脂作用，并直接由肝脏重新产生。除载脂蛋白（apo）B外，与LDL相关的蛋白还包括载脂蛋白C，载脂蛋白A-I，载脂蛋白A-IV，载脂蛋白D，载脂蛋白E，载脂蛋白F，载脂蛋白H，载脂蛋白J，载脂蛋白L-1，载脂蛋白M，α-1抗胰蛋白酶，迁移抑制因子相关蛋白8，溶酶体C，异戊二烯半胱氨酸氧化酶1，对氧磷酶1，运甲状腺素蛋白，血清淀粉样蛋白A4和纤维蛋白原α链。 LDL相关蛋白数量增加的作用仍不清楚。然而，数据确实表明，LDL颗粒不仅转运脂质，而且还携带涉及炎症和血栓形成的蛋白质。糖尿病个体中的sdLDL蛋白质组与较大的LDL蛋白质组明显不同，富含apoC-III。摘要：我们对LDL亚组分的组成和代谢的了解的进展加强了sdLDL和CHD风险之间的联系。

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