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首页> 外文期刊>Developmental biology >Sequential development of apical-basal and planar polarities in aggregating epitheliomuscular cells of Hydra
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Sequential development of apical-basal and planar polarities in aggregating epitheliomuscular cells of Hydra

机译：半基底和平面极性在氢化胚层上皮细胞中的顺序发展

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Apical-basal and planar cell polarities are hallmarks of metazoan epithelia required to separate internal and external environments and to regulate trans- and intracellular transport, cytoskeletal organization, and morphogenesis. Mechanisms of cell polarization have been intensively studied in bilaterian model organisms, particularly in early embryos and cultured cells, while cell polarity in pre-bilaterian tissues is poorly understood. Here, we have studied apical-basal and planar polarization in regenerating (aggregating) clusters of epitheliomuscular cells of Hydra, a simple representative of the ancestral, prebilaterian phylum Cnidaria. Immediately after dissociation, single epitheliomuscular cells do not exhibit cellular polarity, but they polarize de novo during aggregation. Reestablishment of the Hydra-specific epithelial bilayer is a result of short-range cell sorting. In the early phase of aggregation, apical-basal polarization starts with an enlargement of the epithelial apical-basal diameter and by the development of belt-like apical septate junctions. Specification of the basal pole of epithelial cells occurs shortly later and is linked to synthesis of mesoglea, development of hemidesmosome-like junctions, and formation of desmosome-like junctions connecting the basal myonemes of neighbouring cells. Planar polarization starts, while apical-basal polarization is already ongoing. It is executed gradually starting with cell-autonomous formation, parallelization, and condensation of myonemes at the basal end of each epithelial cell and continuing with a final planar alignment of epitheliomuscular cells at the tissue level. Our findings reveal that epithelial polarization in Hydra aggregates occurs in defined steps well accessible by histological and ultrastructural techniques and they will provide a basis for future molecular studies. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：顶部基础和平面细胞极性是单独的内部和外部环境所需的Metazoan上皮细胞的标志，并调节杂交和细胞内转运，细胞骨骼组织和形态发生。细胞极化的机制已被广泛研究在两侧对称的模式生物，特别是在早期胚胎和培养的细胞，而在预两侧对称组织细胞极性知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了Hydra的上皮细胞的再生（聚集）簇中的顶部基础和平面极化，这是祖先的一种简单的代表性，PRobilian Phylum Cnidaria。在解离后立即，单一上皮细胞没有表现出细胞极性，但它们在聚集期间偏振De Novo。 Rechablishishment Matera的上皮双层是短距离细胞分选的结果。在聚集的早期阶段，顶部基底极化开始于上皮顶部基底直径的放大和通过皮带状顶顶缘结的发展。上皮细胞基底极的规范不久之后发生，与叶片过膜的合成，血清瘤样结的开发，以及形成相邻细胞基底肌肉的脱染型结的形成。平面极化开始，而顶端基底极化已经持续。在每个上皮细胞的基底结束并继续在组织水平上继续上皮细胞的最终平面对准，逐渐以细胞 - 自主形成，并行化和粘膜缩合来执行。我们的研究结果表明，Hydra骨料中的上皮极化发生在通过组织学和超微结构技术可接近的限定步骤中，并且它们将为未来的分子研究提供基础。 （c）2016 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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