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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society >EXPLOITING EXISTING GROUND-BASED REMOTE SENSING NETWORKS TO IMPROVE HIGH-RESOLUTION WEATHER FORECASTS
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EXPLOITING EXISTING GROUND-BASED REMOTE SENSING NETWORKS TO IMPROVE HIGH-RESOLUTION WEATHER FORECASTS

机译：利用现有地基遥感网络，提高高分辨率天气预报

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摘要

A new generation of high-resolution (1 km) forecast models promises to revolutionize the prediction of hazardous weather such as windstorms, flash floods, and poor air quality. To realize this promise, a dense observing network, focusing on the lower few kilometers of the atmosphere, is required to verify these new forecast models with the ultimate goal of assimilating the data. At present there are insufficient systematic observations of the vertical profiles of water vapor, temperature, wind, and aerosols; a major constraint is the absence of funding to install new networks. A recent research program financed by the European Union, tasked with addressing this lack of observations, demonstrated that the assimilation of observations from an existing wind profiler network reduces forecast errors, provided that the individual instruments are strategically located and properly maintained. Additionally, it identified three further existing European networks of instruments that are currently underexploited, but with minimal expense they could deliver quality-controlled data to national weather services in near-real time, so the data could be assimilated into forecast models. Specifically, 1) several hundred automatic lidars and ceilometers can provide backscatter profiles associated with aerosol and cloud properties and structures with 30-m vertical resolution every minute; 2) more than 20 Doppler lidars, a fairly new technology, can measure vertical and horizontal winds in the lower atmosphere with a vertical resolution of 30 m every 5 min; and 3) about 30 microwave profilers can estimate profiles of temperature and humidity in the lower few kilometers every 10 min. Examples of potential benefits from these instruments are presented.
机译：新一代高分辨率（1 km）预测模型承诺彻底改变风暴，闪光洪水和空气质量差等危险天气的预测。为了实现这一承诺，需要一个密集的观察网络，专注于大气层的较低公里，验证这些新的预测模型是否具有稳定数据的最终目标。目前，水蒸气，温度，风和气溶胶的垂直型材的系统观察不足;主要限制是缺乏资金来安装新网络。欧盟资助的最近的研究计划，任务解决了这种缺乏观察，证明了从现有的风力分析网络中的观察结果减少了预测错误，条件是各个工具在战略性地定位并妥善维护。此外，它确定了三种现有的现有欧洲乐器网络目前是欠缺的，但它们可以在近期实时向国家天气服务提供质量控制的数据，因此可以将数据融合到预测模型中。具体而言，1）几百个自动亮度和CeIlometers可以提供与气溶胶和云属性相关的反向散射轮廓，以及每分钟具有30米垂直分辨率的结构; 2）超过20pppler lidars，一个相当新的技术，可以测量下层大气中的垂直和水平风，每5分钟垂直分辨率为30米; 3）约30微波探查器可以每10分钟估算温度和湿度的曲线，每10分钟。提出了这些仪器的潜在福利的例子。

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