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Oxygen sensing and stem cell activation in the hypoxic carotid body

机译:缺氧颈动脉体中的氧气感应和干细胞活化

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The carotid body (CB) is the major arterial chemoreceptor responsible for the detection of acute decreases in O~(2)tension (hypoxia) in arterial blood that trigger hyperventilation and sympathetic activation. The CB contains O~(2)-sensitive glomus (chief) cells, which respond to hypoxia with the release of transmitters to activate sensory nerve fibers impinging upon the brain respiratory and autonomic centers. During exposure to sustained hypoxia (for weeks or months), the CB grows several-fold in size, a response associated with acclimatization to high altitude or to medical conditions presenting hypoxemia. Here, I briefly present recent advances on the mechanisms underlying glomus cell sensitivity to hypoxia, in particular the role of mitochondrial complex I in acute oxygen sensing. I also summarize the properties of adult CB stem cells and of glomus cell–stem cell synapses, which contribute to CB hypertrophy in chronic hypoxia. A note on the relationship between hypoxic CB growth and tumorigenesis is included. Finally, the medical implications of CB pathophysiology are discussed.
机译:颈动脉体(CB)是负责检测触发过度通气和交感神经激活的动脉血中O〜(2)张力(缺氧)中急性下降的主要动脉化学感受器。 CB含有O〜(2)敏感性肾小球(负面)细胞,其对发射器的释放反应缺氧以激活撞击脑呼吸和自主主义中心的感觉神经纤维。在暴露于持续缺氧(周数或数月)期间,CB大小增加了几倍,与高海拔或呈现缺氧血症的医疗病症相关的反应。这里,我简要介绍了最近对缺氧的血糖细胞敏感性的机制的进步,特别是线粒体络合物I在急性氧气感应中的作用。我还总结了成人CB干细胞和Glomus细胞 - 干细胞突触的性质,这有助于慢性缺氧中的CB肥大。包括关于缺氧CB生长和肿瘤瘤之间关系的说明。最后,讨论了CB病理生理学的医学影响。

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