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A computer model of classical rolling friction

机译：一种古典轧制摩擦计算机模型

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A numerical model of a wheel consists of a series of particles evenly spaced around the rim of the wheel, each connected with both neighboring particles by a damped spring. In the simulation, the wheel rolls along the ground, allowing determination of position, velocity, deformation, and angular velocity of the wheel as the system evolves. The results of the simulation are consistent with what is observed experimentally with rolling friction: the rolling resistance goes up as pressure goes down, and it goes up as speed goes up. The simulation indicates that the majority of the kinetic energy lost from the wheel is dissipated in deformations of the wheel, i.e., in the dampers between the particles. Kinetic friction is negligible. Both static friction and the contact normal force vary over the region of contact between wheel and ground, with the effective position of the normal force acting forward of the center of the wheel. Static friction is the force responsible for the change in linear momentum of the wheel.
机译：车轮的数值模型包括均匀间隔在车轮的边缘周围的一系列颗粒组成，每个颗粒通过阻尼弹簧与相邻颗粒连接。在模拟中，车轮沿地面滚动，允许在系统演变时确定车轮的位置，速度，变形和角速度。模拟的结果与通过实验观察到的轧制摩擦观察结果：滚动阻力随着压力下降而上升，随着速度上升时，它会上升。模拟表明，从车轮中丢失的大部分动能在颗粒之间的阻尼器中的变形中耗散。动力学摩擦可忽略不计。静摩擦和接触法线的既可以在车轮和地之间的接触区域上变化，具有作用车轮中心的正常力的有效位置。静摩擦是负责车轮线性动量变化的力。

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