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首页> 外文期刊>Annals of the American Thoracic Society >Structure and Function Relationships in Diseases of the Small Airways
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Structure and Function Relationships in Diseases of the Small Airways

机译：小型气道疾病的结构和功能关系

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It is well known that particulate matter suspended in the earth's atmosphere generated by tobacco smoke, automobile exhaust, industrial processes, and forest fires has been identified as a major risk factor for chronic lung disease. Particulate matter can be divided into large, intermediate, and fine particulates. When inhaled, large particulates develop sufficient momentum to leave the flowing stream of inhaled air and deposit by impaction in the nose, mouth, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, and central bronchi. Intermediatesized particulates that develop less momentum deposit in the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles, and the finest particulates that develop the least momentum make it to the distal gas-exchanging tissue, where gas moves solely by diffusion. On the basis of Einstein's classic work on Brownian motion that showed particles suspended in a gas diffuse much more slowly than the gas in which they are suspended, we postulate that the small airways that accommodate the shift from bulk airflow to diffusion become the major site for deposition of fine particles, resulting in a host immune response. Much remains to be learned about the interaction between the deposition of fine particulates and the host immune and tissue responses; the purpose of this review is to examine the hypothesis that the smallest conducting airways and proximal gas-exchanging tissue are the primary sites for the deposition of the finest particulates inhaled into the lungs.
机译：众所周知，颗粒物质悬浮在烟草烟雾，汽车尾气，工业过程和森林火灾产生的地球大气中，已被鉴定为慢性肺病的主要危险因素。颗粒物可以分为大，中间体和细颗粒。当吸入时，大颗粒产生足够的动力以使流动的吸入空气流并通过鼻子，口腔，鼻咽，喉，气管和中央支气管中的蜗壳沉积。中间体化颗粒在较小的支气管和较大的支气管中产生较少的动量沉积物，以及产生最小动量的最佳颗粒使其成为远端气体交换组织，其中气体仅通过扩散移动。在爱因斯坦的经典工作的基础上，在悬浮在气体中悬浮的颗粒比它们悬挂的气体更慢地显示悬浮的颗粒，我们假设容纳从散装气流转移到扩散的小气道成为主要部位沉积细颗粒，导致宿主免疫应答。关于细颗粒沉积与宿主免疫和组织反应之间的相互作用仍有很多遗体。本综述的目的是检查最小导电气道和近端气体交换组织的假设是用于沉积最佳颗粒吸入肺部的主要部位。

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