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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Sensitivity analysis of the potential impact of discrepancies in stratosphere-troposphere exchange on inferred sources and sinks of CO2
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Sensitivity analysis of the potential impact of discrepancies in stratosphere-troposphere exchange on inferred sources and sinks of CO2

机译：平流层 - 对流层交换差异对二氧化碳推断源及汇的潜在影响

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摘要

The upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) represents a transition region between the more dynamically active troposphere and more stably stratified stratosphere. The region is characterized by strong gradients in the distribution of long-lived tracers, whose representation in models is sensitive to discrepancies in transport. We evaluate the GEOS-Chem model in the UTLS using carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O-3) observations from the HIAPER (The High-Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research) Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaign in March 2010. GEOS-Chem CO2/O-3 correlation suggests that there is a discrepancy in mixing across the tropopause in the model, which results in an overestimate of CO2 and an underestimate of O-3 in the Arctic lower stratosphere. We assimilate stratospheric O-3 data from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) and use the assimilated O-3 fields together with the HIPPO CO2/O-3 correlations to obtain an adjustment to the modeled CO2 profile in the Arctic UTLS (primarily between the 320 and 360K isentropic surfaces). The HIPPO-derived adjustment corresponds to a sink of 0.60 Pg C for March-August 2010 in the Arctic. Imposing this adjustment results in a reduction in the CO2 sinks inferred from GOSAT observations for temperate North America, Europe, and tropical Asia of 19, 13, and 49 %, respectively. Conversely, the inversion increased the source of CO2 from tropical South America by 23 %. We find that the model also underestimates CO2 in the upper tropical and subtropical troposphere. Correcting for the underestimate in the model relative to HIPPO in the tropical upper troposphere leads to a reduction in the source from tropical South America by 77 %, and produces an estimated sink for tropical Asia that is only 19% larger than the standard inversion (without the imposed source and sink). Globally, the inversion with the Arctic and tropical adjustment produces a sink of -6.64 Pg C, which is consistent with the estimate of -6.65 Pg C in the standard inversion. However, the standard inversion produces a stronger northern land sink by 0.98 Pg C to account for the CO2 overestimate in the high-latitude UTLS, suggesting that this UTLS discrepancy can impact the latitudinal distribution of the inferred sources and sinks. We find that doubling the model resolution from 4 degrees x 5 degrees to 2 degrees x 2.5 degrees enhances the CO2 vertical gradient in the high-latitude UTLS, and reduces the overestimate in CO2 in the extratropical lower stratosphere. Our results illustrate that discrepancies in the CO2 distribution in the UTLS can affect CO2 flux inversions and suggest the need for more careful evaluation of model errors in the UTLS.
机译：上层对流层和较低的平流层（UTL）代表更具动态活性的对流层和更稳定分层的平流层之间的过渡区域。该地区的特点是在长寿命示踪剂的分布中的强烈梯度，其模型中的代表对运输中的差异敏感。我们使用二氧化碳（CO2）和臭氧（O-3）观察来自尖销（环境研究的高性能仪表空气载体）极点观测（HIPPO）运动中的臭氧（O-3）观察来评估utls中的Geos-chem模型2010年3月。Geos-Chem Co2 / O-3相关性表明，在模型中的对流层中混合时存在差异，这导致CO 2高估和低于北极较低平流层的O-3的低估。我们从光谱仪和红外成像器系统（Osiris）中同化平流层O-3数据，并使用Assimilated O-3字段与Hippo Co2 / O-3相关性，以便在北极UTL中的建模CO2谱进行调整（主要在320和360k等熵表面之间）。河马衍生的调整对应于北极地区2010年3月至8月0.60 pg C的汇。施加这种调整，导致在19,13和49％的温带北美和热带亚洲的Gosat观测中推断出的二氧化碳水槽。相反，反演从热带南美洲的二氧化碳来源增加了23％。我们发现该模型还低估了上层热带和亚热带对流层中的二氧化碳。校正在热带上层河马相对于河马的模型中低估导致从热带南美的来源减少77％，并为热带亚洲生产估计的水槽，只比标准反演大19％（没有施加的源和水槽）。在全球范围内，与北极和热带调整的反转产生-6.64pg C的水槽，这与标准反转中的-6.65pg c的估计一致。然而，标准反演产生了一个更强的北部陆地下沉，0.98 pg c以考虑高纬度UTL的二氧化碳高估，表明该UTLS差异可能会影响推断源和水槽的纬度分布。我们发现，从4度x 5度到2度x 2.5的模型分辨率加倍，增强了高纬度UTL中的CO2垂直梯度，并降低了卓越的较低平流层中的CO2中的高度。我们的结果说明了UTL中CO2分布的差异可以影响CO2磁通反转，并表明需要更仔细地评估UTL中的模型错误。

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