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Sensitivity of Arctic sulfate aerosol and clouds to changes in future surface seawater dimethylsulfide concentrations

机译：北极硫酸盐气溶胶和云变为未来表面海水二甲基硫醚浓度的敏感性

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Dimethylsulfide (DMS), outgassed from ocean waters, plays an important role in the climate system, as it oxidizes to methane sulfonic acid (MSA) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), which can lead to the formation of sulfate aerosol.Newly formed sulfate aerosol resulting from DMS oxidation may grow by condensation of gases, in-cloud oxidation, and coagulation to sizes where they may act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and influence cloud properties.Under future global warming conditions, sea ice in the Arctic region is expected to decline significantly, which may lead to increased emissions of DMS from the open ocean and changes in cloud regimes.In this study we evaluate impacts of DMS on Arctic sulfate aerosol budget, changes in cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC), and cloud radiative forcing in the Arctic region under current and future sea ice conditions using an atmospheric global climate model.Given that future DMS concentrations are highly uncertain, several simulations with different surface seawater DMS concentrations and spatial distributions in the Arctic were performed in order to determine the sensitivity of sulfate aerosol budgets, CDNC, and cloud radiative forcing to Arctic surface seawater DMS concentrations.For any given amount and distribution of Arctic surface seawater DMS, similar amounts of sulfate are produced by oxidation of DMS in 2000 and 2050 despite large increases in DMS emission in the latter period due to sea ice retreat in the simulations.This relatively low sensitivity of sulfate burden is related to enhanced sulfate wet removal by precipitation in 2050.However simulated aerosol nucleation rates are higher in 2050, which results in an overall increase in CDNC and substantially more negative cloud radiative forcing.Thus potential future reductions in sea ice extent may cause cloud albedos to increase, resulting in a negative climate feedback on radiative forcing in the Arctic associated with ocean DMS emissions.
机译：从海水中排出二甲基硫化物（DMS），在气候系统中起重要作用，因为它氧化于甲烷磺酸（MSA）和二氧化硫（SO2），这可以导致硫酸盐气溶胶。纯净的硫酸盐气溶胶由DMS氧化产生的由气体，含含量氧化和凝固的凝聚来生长，其中尺寸可以作为云凝结核（CCN）和影响云属性。未来的全球变暖条件下，预计北极地区的海冰显着下降，这可能导致来自开放海洋的DMS排放量增加，云制度的变化。本研究评估DMS对北极硫酸盐气溶胶预算的影响，云液滴数浓度（CDNC）的变化和云辐射强制在当前和未来海冰条件下的北极地区使用大气全球气候模型。将来的DMS浓度高度不确定，几种仿真有所不同进行ENT表面海水DMS浓度和北极地区的空间分布，以确定硫酸盐气溶胶预算，CDNC和云辐射迫使北极表面海水DMS浓度的敏感性。对于任何给定的北极地面海水DMS的分布，类似硫酸盐的量由2000年和2050年的DMS氧化产生，尽管后期的DMS排放量大幅增加，因此由于海冰在模拟中，硫酸盐负荷的敏感性相对较低，在2050年通过降水提高硫酸盐湿式去除有关但是，在2050年的模拟气溶胶成核率较高，导致CDNC的总体上升和大幅增加的负云辐射迫使。潜在的海冰范围的未来减少可能导致云玻璃增加，导致辐射的负面气候反馈迫使与海洋DMS排放相关的北极。

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