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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Decadal-scale dynamics of an Amazonian mangrove caused by climate and sea level changes: Inferences from spatial-temporal analysis and digital elevation models
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Decadal-scale dynamics of an Amazonian mangrove caused by climate and sea level changes: Inferences from spatial-temporal analysis and digital elevation models

机译：气候和海平面造成的亚马逊红树林的亚马逊红树木的额外动态变化：空间 - 时间分析和数字高度模型的推论

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摘要

Sea level rise and climate change are major forces driving wetland dynamics. The northern Brazilian coast has one of the largest continuous mangrove areas on Earth, with the mangroves from the Braganca Peninsula, in eastern Amazonia, being the most representative ones. These mangroves have migrated into higher tidal flats over recent years. We analyzed spatial-temporal changes of vegetation units adapted to different physical-chemical conditions along the Braganca Peninsula in order to decipher possible causes responsible for such recent mangrove dynamics. The investigation was based on time series analysis of a 33-year (1984-2017) database consisting of satellite and drone images. These data were combined with digital elevation models based on topographical data obtained by photogrammetry, theodolite and hydrotopographic devices. During this time frame, mangroves invaded 2.7km(2) of inner tidal flats, which is compatible with a rise in relative sea level (RSL) and with a rainfall decreasing. Such topography-dependent dynamic suggests that an increased frequency of tidal inundation decreased porewater salinity and caused mangroves to expand into topographically higher grounds. However, the study area contains small basins, that are less affected by tidal inundation, and Avicennia trees are dying in these locations due to increased porewater salinity, probably caused by a decreased rainfall. We propose that climate and RSL are responsible for driving the death of mangroves in the study area, and their migration into the topographically highest tidal flats. Assuming a RSL rise of 5mm/yr under stable rainfall, or a RSL rise of 3mm/yr accompanied by decreased rainfall, it is projected that mangrove areas will expand by 2.93 or 1.35km(2), respectively, by the end of this century. The combination of photogrammetry with theodolite/hydrotopographic surveying proved to be an efficient and innovative process for monitoring and evaluating the impacts of global changes on mangroves. (c) 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：海平面上升和气候变化是推动湿地动态的主要部队。巴西北部海岸拥有地球上最大的连续红树林之一，在亚马治亚东部的Braganca半岛的红树林是最具代表性的。近年来，这些红树林已经迁移到更高的潮汐平面上。我们分析了适应于Braganca半岛的不同物理化学条件的植被单位的空间时间变化，以破译可能的原因负责这种最近的红树林动态。该调查基于33年（1984-2017）数据库的时间序列分析，包括卫星和无人机图像。这些数据基于摄影测量，经纬仪和水印器件获得的地形数据与数字高度模型相结合。在此时间框架期间，红树林侵入了2.7km（2）的内潮平面，其与相对海平面（RSL）的上升兼容，并且降雨量降低。这种形貌依赖性动态表明，潮水的增加的频率降低了沉积物下降，导致红树林扩展到拓扑较高的地面。然而，研究区含有小盆地，其受到潮汐淹没的影响较小，并且由于沉重水分增加，大使树木在这些地点中死亡，可能是由降雨量减少引起的。我们建议，气候和RSL负责推动研究区的红树林死亡，并将其迁移到拓扑上最高的潮流。假设在稳定的降雨下的5mm / yr的RSL上升，或者3mm / yr的RSL上升伴随着降雨量下降，预计红树林区分别将在本世纪末扩大2.93或1.35公里（2） 。具有经纬仪/水式检测的摄影测量的组合被证明是监测和评估全球变化对红树林的影响的有效和创新过程。 （c）2018 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd。

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