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首页> 外文期刊>European journal of physics: A journal of the European Physical Society >Complex systems: physics beyond physics
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Complex systems: physics beyond physics

机译：复杂系统：超出物理的物理学

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摘要

Complex systems are characterised by specific time-dependent interactions among their many constituents. As a consequence they often manifest rich, non-trivial and unexpected behaviour. Examples arise both in the physical and non-physical worlds. The study of complex systems forms a new interdisciplinary research area that cuts across physics, biology, ecology, economics, sociology, and the humanities. In this paper we review the essence of complex systems from a physicists 'point of view, and try to clarify what makes them conceptually different from systems that are traditionally studied in physics. Our goal is to demonstrate how the dynamics of such systems may be conceptualised in quantitative and predictive terms by extending notions from statistical physics and how they can often be captured in a framework of co-evolving multiplex network structures. We mention three areas of complexsystems science that are currently studied extensively, the science of cities, dynamics of societies, and the representation of texts as evolutionary objects. We discuss why these areas form complex systems in the above sense. We argue that there exists plenty of new ground for physicists to explore and that methodical and conceptual progress is needed most.
机译：复杂系统的特征在于它们许多成分之间的特定时间依赖性相互作用。结果，他们经常表现出丰富，非琐碎和意外的行为。例子在物理和非物质世界中产生。复杂系统的研究形成了一个新的跨学科研究区，这些研究领域跨越物理学，生物学，生态，经济学，社会学和人文学。在本文中，我们从物理学家的角度审查了复杂系统的本质，并试图澄清他们在概念上与传统在物理学中学的系统不同的原因。我们的目标是展示这种系统的动态是如何通过从统计物理学的概念延伸概念以及如何在共同不断的多路复用网络结构的框架中捕获它们的定量和预测术语来概念化。我们提到了三个复合系统科学的科学，目前正在广泛研究，社团的城市科学，社会动态以及文本的代表作为进化物体。我们讨论为什么这些领域以上述意义形式形成复杂的系统。我们认为，物理学家探索的有足够的新地面，并且需要最需要的方法和概念进展。

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