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Patterns and drivers of the scale of effect of landscape structure on diurnal raptors in a fragmented tropical dry forest

机译：景观结构景观结构效果规模的模式与驱动因子在分散的热带干燥森林中昼夜猛禽

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Context Theoretical models propose that the spatial extent at which landscape structure best predicts species responses (scale of effect, SoE) depends on habitat and dietary specialization, landscape metrics, and response variables. However, empirical support for such models is scarce, especially for apex predators. Objectives To determine SoE for diurnal raptors, and test for differences among ecological traits of habitat and dietary specialization, landscape metrics, and response variables. Methods We conducted 1.5 km transect surveys of diurnal raptors at 26 sites in a tropical dry forest from western Mexico. We measured four landscape metrics (forest cover, matrix hardness, forest patch density, edge density) in 16 concentric landscapes (400 to 3400 ha) around each survey site. We then assessed the landscape size at which each landscape metric best predicted each response variable (abundance, species richness, temporal beta diversity). Finally, we tested for differences in SoE among ecological traits of raptors, landscape metrics, and response variables. Results Landscape composition metrics of forest cover and matrix hardness decreased with increasing landscape size, and were the main landscape predictors influencing diurnal raptors. SoE differed significantly among landscape metrics, being larger for forest cover (2433.3 ha) than matrix hardness (1500 ha). However, SoE did not differ significantly among ecological traits of raptors, or response variables. Conclusions SoE was mainly driven by spatial metrics, with diurnal raptors being more strongly associated with forest cover measured over larger scales. This supports findings for other taxa and suggests that forest cover influences dispersal success across larger scales.
机译：背景理论模型提出，景观结构最佳预测物种响应的空间范围（效果规模，SOE）取决于栖息地和饮食专业化，景观度量和响应变量。然而，对这种模型的实证支持稀缺，特别是对于顶点捕食者。确定SOE用于昼夜猛禽，以及栖息地和膳食专业，景观度量和响应变量的生态特征的差异测试。方法在墨西哥西部的热带干燥林中的26个地点进行了1.5 km横断调的昼夜猛禽。我们在每个调查网站上测量了16个同心景观（400至3400公顷）的四个景观度量（森林覆盖，矩阵硬度，森林贴片密度，边缘密度）。然后，我们评估了每个景观度量最佳预测每个响应变量的景观规模（丰富，物种丰富，时间β多样性）。最后，我们在猛禽，景观度量和响应变量的生态特征中测试了SOE的差异。结果森林覆盖景观构图和矩阵硬度随着景观规模的增加而下降，以及影响昼夜猛龙队的主要景观预测因子​​。 SOE在景观度量中有显着不同，森林覆盖（2433.3AH）比基质硬度更大（1500公顷）。然而，在猛龙队的生态特征或响应变量的生态特征中没有显着差异。结论SOE主要受到空间指标的驱动，昼夜猛龙队与森林覆盖率更强烈地与较大的鳞片测量。这支持其他分类群的调查结果，并建议森林覆盖影响较大尺度的分散成功。

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