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The biostratigraphy of the Bakken Formation: A review and new data

机译：Bakken形成的生物数据库：审查和新数据

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摘要

New paleontologic data from the Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin of North Dakota are described, with an updated synthesis of previous biostratigraphic studies done in the basin. By combining the new data with the previously published data, a revised biostratigraphic framework is established for the Bakken Formation. Conodont data suggests that the Lower Bakken Member is late Famennian in age, ranging from the Pseudopolygnathus granulosus Zone to the Bispathodus ultimus Zone, and possibly to the early Tournaisian Protognathodus kockeli Zone. Upper Bakken conodont data shows that the unit is entirely Tournaisian in age and may range from the Siphonodella duplicata Zone to the Siphonodella quadruplicata Zone. Although no conodont data was analyzed from the Middle Bakken, the age constraints provided by the Upper and Lower Bakken suggest that the earliest Tournaisian conodont Zones, and potentially the historical Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary interval are in this unit. Palynologic data from the Middle Bakken indicates that the historical Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary should be placed at the unconformable contact between the lower Middle Bakken (Middle Bakken 1) and the upper Middle Bakken (Middle Bakken 2) based on the highest stratigraphic occurrence of Retispora lepidophyta. Combining the biostratigraphic data with detailed core description and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) chemostratigraphy, several stratigraphic units can be identified within each member of the Bakken. These units can be mapped regionally throughout the Williston Basin, thus improving our understanding of the spatial distribution of the different source and reservoir rock intervals within the Williston Basin oil play.
机译：描述了来自北达科他州威斯顿盆地的Bakken地层的新古生理学数据，并在盆地中完成了以前的生物数据学研究的更新合成。通过将新数据与先前发布的数据组合，为Bakken的形成建立了修订的生物数据库框架。 Conodont数据表明，较低的Bakken成员年龄是已故的神仙而期，从伪多功果颗粒区到Bispathodus Ultimus区，并且可能到了早期塔纳西亚Protognathodus Kockeli区。上部Bakken Conodont数据显示，该单位在年龄的年龄完全是朝比海，可以从Siphonodella Duplicata区到Siphonodella Quadruplicata区域。虽然没有从中间Bakken分析了Conodont数据，但上下Bakken提供的年龄约束表明，最早的朝比海康登区以及潜在的历史德文 - 石炭系边界间隔在本机中。来自中间Bakken的汉语学数据表明，基于RetiSpoOphyta的最高地层发生的最高地层发生，历史德文郡 - 石炭系应置于下层中间中间Bakken（中间Bakken 1）与上部中间Bakken（中间Bakken 2）之间的不可形成的接触处。将生物数据描述与详细的核心描述和X射线荧光（XRF）化学特征相结合，可以在Bakken的每个成员内识别几个地层单元。这些单位可以在整个威尔斯顿盆地区域映射，从而改善了我们对威尔斯顿盆地油剧中不同来源和水库岩石间隔的空间分布的理解。

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