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How have fisheries affected parasite communities?

机译：渔业如何影响寄生虫社区？

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To understand how fisheries affect parasites, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies that contrasted parasite assemblages in fished and unfished areas. Parasite diversity was lower in hosts from fished areas. Larger hosts had a greater abundance of parasites, suggesting that fishing might reduce the abundance of parasites by selectively removing the largest, most heavily parasitized individuals. After controlling for size, the effect of fishing on parasite abundance varied according to whether the host was fished and the parasite's life cycle. Parasites of unfished hosts were more likely to increase in abundance in response to fishing than were parasites of fished hosts, possibly due to compensatory increases in the abundance of unfished hosts. While complex life cycle parasites tended to decline in abundance in response to fishing, directly transmitted parasites tended to increase. Among complex life cycle parasites, those with fished hosts tended to decline in abundance in response to fishing, while those with unfished hosts tended to increase. However, among directly transmitted parasites, responses did not differ between parasites with and without fished hosts. This work suggests that parasite assemblages are likely to change substantially in composition in increasingly fished ecosystems, and that parasite life history and fishing status of the host are important in predicting the response of individual parasite species or groups to fishing.
机译：要了解渔业如何影响寄生虫，我们对捕捞和未捕获的地区的寄生虫组合进行了荟萃分析。捕捞区域的主机中寄生虫多样性较低。较大的主持人具有更大的寄生虫，这表明捕鱼可以通过选择性地消除最大，最严重的个体的寄生虫来减少寄生虫的丰富性。在控制尺寸后，捕鱼对寄生虫丰度的影响根据宿主是否被捕捞和寄生虫的生命周期而变化。未解密的宿主的寄生虫更有可能增加丰富以捕捞的捕捞量而不是捕捞宿主的寄生虫，可能是由于未经审查的主持人的补偿性增加。虽然复杂的生命周期寄生虫倾向于对捕捞的反应倾向于丰富下降，但直接传播寄生虫往往增加。在复杂的生命周期寄生虫中，那些有捕捞主人的人往往会因捕捞而倾向于丰富下降，而那些有没有寄主的主持人的人趋于增加。然而，在直接传播的寄生虫中，寄生在寄生虫之间没有差异，没有捕捞宿主。这项工作表明，寄生虫组合可能在越来越捕捞生态系统中的组成中大大改变，并且寄生虫的寄生虫寿命历史和捕捞地位对于预测捕捞个体寄生虫物种或群体的响应是重要的。

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