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Collective Obligation and Individual Ambition in the Paris Agreement

机译：巴黎协定中的集体义务和个人野心

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Several scholars have claimed or implied that the Paris Agreement imposes a collective obligation on states to keep global warming below 2 degrees C, but what is a collective obligation from a legal point of view? The literature that asserts the existence of a collective obligation fails to address this question. In this article I argue two points. Firstly, while a legally binding collective obligation for states is not a theoretical impossibility, the Paris Agreement has not demonstrably created such an obligation; therefore, the collective obligation that appears in the treaty constitutes at most an objective of the Agreement, albeit a crucial one. Secondly, while state observance of the Agreement's apparent collective obligation (but, in fact, paramount objective) is necessary for the success of the treaty, the Agreement does not provide for a process to resolve the global mitigation burden into state-level ambition commitments to ensure that the paramount objective is met. While this is a significant failing of the Agreement, the provisions in the 2018 Paris Rulebook on the global stocktake are sufficiently loose to allow for this mechanism to play a role in the 'individuation' of the mitigation burden.
机译：有几位学者声称或暗示巴黎协议对各国施加了集体义务，以使全球变暖低于2摄氏度，但法律角度来看是一个集体义务？断言集体义务存在的文献未能解决这个问题。在这篇文章中，我争辩了两点。首先，虽然各国的具有法律约束力的集体义务并非理论不可能，但巴黎协定并未展示造成这样的义务;因此，条约中出现的集体义务在该协议的大部分目标方面构成，尽管至关重要。其次，虽然国家遵守协议的明显集体义务（但实际上是最重要的目标）是条约的成功所必需的，但该协议并未规定将全球缓解负担转变为国家级雄心承诺的过程确保满足最重要的目标。虽然这是协议的重大未能，但2018年巴黎规则本关于全球臭味的规定的规定足以宽松，以便在“拟议”减轻的“个性化”中发挥作用。

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