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首页> 外文期刊>Progress in Neurobiology: An International Review Journal >Evolution of mammalian sound localization circuits: A developmental perspective
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Evolution of mammalian sound localization circuits: A developmental perspective

机译：哺乳动物定位电路的演变：发展观点

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Localization of sound sources is a central aspect of auditory processing. A unique feature of mammals is the smooth, tonotopically organized extension of the hearing range to high frequencies (HF) above 10 kHz, which likely induced positive selection for novel mechanisms of sound localization. How this change in the auditory periphery is accompanied by changes in the central auditory system is unresolved. I will argue that the major VGlut2(+) excitatory projection neurons of sound localization circuits (dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), lateral and medial superior olive (LSO and MSO)) represent serial homologs with modifications, thus being paramorphs. This assumption is based on common embryonic origin from an Atoh1(+)/Wnt1(+) cell lineage in the rhombic lip of r5, same cell birth, a fusiform cell morphology, shared genetic components such as Lhx2 and Lhx9 transcription factors, and similar projection patterns. Such a parsimonious evolutionary mechanism likely accelerated the emergence of neurons for sound localization in all three dimensions. Genetic analyses indicate that auditory nuclei in fish, birds, and mammals receive contributions from the same progenitor lineages. Anatomical and physiological differences and the independent evolution of tympanic ears in vertebrate groups, however, argue for convergent evolution of sound localization circuits in tetrapods (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). These disparate findings are discussed in the context of the genetic architecture of the developing hindbrain, which facilitates convergent evolution. Yet, it will be critical to decipher the gene regulatory networks underlying development of auditory neurons across vertebrates to explore the possibility of homologous neuronal populations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：声源的本地化是听觉处理的中心方面。哺乳动物的独特特征是听力范围的光滑，定位的延伸，高于10 kHz的高频（HF），这可能诱导了用于声音定位的新机制的正面选择。听觉周边的这种变化如何伴随着中央听觉系统的变化。我将争辩说声音定位电路的主要VGLUT2（+）兴奋性投影神经元（背部耳蜗核（DCN），横向和内侧橄榄橄榄（LSO和MSO））代表串联同源物，从而是parengorphs。该假设基于R5，相同细胞出生的菱形唇晶唇中的atOh1（+）/ wnt1（+）细胞谱系的常见胚胎来源，梭形细胞形态，共同的遗传组分如LHX2和LHX9转录因子，以及类似的投影模式。这种分布的进化机制可能加速了所有三个维度的声音定位神经元的出现。遗传分析表明鱼，鸟类和哺乳动物中的听觉核从同一祖序列接受贡献。然而，脊椎动物组鼓门网耳朵的解剖和生理差异和独立演化，争辩于四面体（两栖动物，爬行动物，鸟类和哺乳动物）的声音定位电路的收敛演变。这些不同的发现在开发后脑的遗传建筑的背景下讨论，这促进了会聚演化。然而，破译脊椎动物对听觉神经元的基本发展潜气发展的基因监管网络至关重要，以探讨同源神经元种群的可能性。 （c）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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