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Tianeptine Abuse and Dependence: Case Report and Literature Review

机译：天地内滥用和依赖：案例报告和文献综述

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Background: Tianeptine (Stablon, Coaxil) abuse and dependence has become increasingly prominent worldwide with recent presence in the United States. Objective: In this article, we add a case to the growing literature on tianeptine dependence, the first of which is concerning for the presence of an adulterant, and present a comprehensive literature review. Methods: A literature search was conducted on July 2, 2018 on PubMed for articles using the keywords "tianeptine abuse" and "tianeptine dependence." Results: Literature search resulted in 25 articles and encompassed 65 patients. A majority of patients were male and age ranged from 19 to 67. Routes of intake included oral, intravenous, and insufflation. In the 15 cases of overdose, 8 combined ingestion with at least one other substance, of which 3 resulted in death. Six additional deaths are reported involving tianeptine (9 total). Conclusion: Tianeptine abuse and dependence has become a cause for concern in approved markets with recent emergence in the United States. Psychiatrists should be aware of a potentially fatal opiate-like withdrawal in the absence of positive urine drug screens or cases where withdrawal does not follow expected patterns. Tianeptine users should be educated regarding risk associated with this drug. Without further intervention, additional cases should be anticipated.
机译：背景：天体（Stablon，Coaxil）滥用和依赖在最近在美国的存在越来越突出。目的：在本文中，我们将案例添加到越来越多的天陷子依赖文学中，其中首先关于存在掺假症，并呈现综合文献综述。方法：2018年7月2日在使用关键词“天心滥用”和“天心依赖”的文章中进行了文献搜索。结果：文献搜索导致25篇文章，包括65名患者。大多数患者是男性和年龄从19至67次。摄入途径包括口服，静脉内和吹气。在过量的15例中，8例与至少一种其他物质的至少一种摄取，其中3导致死亡。报告六次额外的死亡涉及天烟碱（共9例）。结论：天烟雾滥用和依赖已成为批准市场令人担忧的原因，最近在美国出现。精神科医生应该意识到在没有阳性尿液药物屏幕或戒断不遵循预期模式的情况下的潜在致命的偶然的戒烟。应对与该药物相关的风险进行教育的天肽用户。如果没有进一步干预，应预期额外的案件。

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