...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Biology Bulletin Reviews >Network Structures in Biological Systems
【24h】

Network Structures in Biological Systems

机译：生物系统中的网络结构

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
   

获取外文期刊封面封底 >>

       
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

The currently popular interdisciplinary concept of network structures {networks) has been defined in two different ways in the literature: (i) as "sets of items, which we will call vertices or sometimes nodes, with connections between them, called edges" or links (Newman, 2003, p. 2) and (ii) in a more specific meaning used in this work: as systems of objects that lack a central pace-maker (leader, boss, etc.) and are characterized by predominantly cooperative interactions among their elements (nodes). Such sensu stricto networks are contrasted with structures that contain a single center (hierarchies) andas well as with those characterized bycompetitive interactions between their elements (market-type structures). Many networks have a multilevel structure that accounts for their fractal properties (a part of a sensu stricto network is a network per se). Network structures in biological systems can be subdivided into two main subgroups: (i) flat (leaderless) network structures that are composed ofuniform elements and represent modular organisms or at least possess manifest integral properties and (ii) three-dimensional, partly hierarchical, structures characterized by significant individual and/or intergroup (intercaste) differences between theirelements. Many network structures include an element that performs structural, protective, and communication-promoting functions. In an analogy to cell structures, this element is denoted herein as the matrix of a network structure. The matrix includesa material and an immaterial component. The material component comprises various structures that belong to the whole structure and not to any of its elements per se. The immaterial (ideal) component of the matrix includes social norms and rules regulating network elements' behavior. These behavioral rules can be described in terms of algorithms that enable modeling the behavior of various network structures, particularly of neural networks and their artificial analogs. The diversity of network structuretypes in biological systems gives food for thought not only to biologists but also to scholars in the social sciences and the humanities. The implication is that "network structures," a popular cliche in present-day society, can be subdivided into a number of substantially different organizational variants. Before promoting network structures in various areas ranging from the World Wide Web to networked businesses, we should decide what kind of networls should be more useful in terms of our specific goals.
机译：网络结构（网络）的当前流行的跨学科概念在文献中已有两种不同的定义：（i）“项目集，我们称其为顶点或有时称为节点，它们之间有连接，称为边缘”或链接（Newman，2003年，第2页）和（ii）在这项工作中使用了更具体的含义：作为缺乏中央起搏器（领导者，上司等）的对象系统，其特征在于它们之间主要是协作交互它们的元素（节点）。这样的严格网络与包含单个中心（层次结构）的结构以及以其元素之间的竞争性交互为特征的结构（市场类型结构）形成对比。许多网络具有考虑其分形特性的多层结构（严格意义上的网络的一部分本身就是网络）。生物系统中的网络结构可以分为两个主要的子类：（i）由统一元素组成并代表模块化生物或至少具有明显整体特性的平面（无引线）网络结构，以及（ii）三维，部分分层的结构其特征在于其元素之间的个体和/或群体间（群体间）存在显着差异。许多网络结构都包含执行结构，保护和促进通信功能的元素。类似于小区结构，该元素在本文中表示为网络结构的矩阵。基质包括材料和非材料组分。材料成分包括属于整个结构而不属于其任何元素本身的各种结构。矩阵的非物质（理想）组成部分包括社会规范和调节网络元素行为的规则。这些行为规则可以用能够对各种网络结构，尤其是神经网络及其人工类似物的行为进行建模的算法来描述。生物系统中网络结构类型的多样性不仅为生物学家，而且为社会科学和人文学科的学者提供了思考的机会。这意味着“网络结构”是当今社会流行的陈词滥调，可以细分为许多实质上不同的组织变体。在从万维网到联网企业等各个领域促进网络结构发展之前，我们应该确定哪种网络更适合我们的特定目标。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号