Cities are Not Products

机译：城市不是产品

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Abstract >This paper reflects critically on city branding by building on Kavaratzis and Ashworth’s 2005 article ‘City branding: An effective assertion of identity or a transitory marketing trick?’ It discusses the relationships between urban geography and branding studies, and challenges the idea that cities may be considered as special kinds of products in need of specific branding techniques. This exercise entails reflection on the boundaries between the concept of branding and its potential relation with the commodification of cities. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“main”XML：ID =“Tesg12385-Abs-0001”XML：Lang =“En”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> >本文在Kavaratzis和Ashworth 2005年文章的城市品牌上建造了批判性地反映了城市品牌：一个有效的身份或短暂的营销技巧？'它讨论了城市地理和品牌研究之间的关系，并挑战了这个想法城市可能被视为有需要特定品牌技术的特殊产品。这项练习需要对品牌概念与其与城市商品的潜在关系的界限。</ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-31532/'>《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2020年第1期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共8页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Vanolo Alberto&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Vanolo Alberto;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Dipartimento Culture Politica e SocietàUniversità degli Studi di TorinoLungo Dora Siena 100A 10100 Turin Italy;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/3030.html" title="世界经济地理">世界经济地理;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=City branding&option=203" rel="nofollow">City branding;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=place branding&option=203" rel="nofollow">place branding;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=product branding&option=203" rel="nofollow">product branding;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=marketing&option=203" rel="nofollow">marketing;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=critical urban geography&option=203" rel="nofollow">critical urban geography;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：城市品牌;放置品牌;产品品牌;营销;批评城市地理; 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and review invoice obligations and newspaper flyers the collection of corporation tax of the country as an explicit obligation of the number of intellectual property assets to the patent number listed obligations of the described duties and television publicity department intellectual property rights of patent data aggregation management manual of the patent number if it is not a lot to free patent number publication of measures to do not like cheated</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  JP3203105U </span> <span> . 2016-03-10</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：在日本为偿还全部债务以及在县，市，乡镇中出售的产品而在日本出售的产品的显性义务的国外专利权国家和具有国家专利权编号的海外出口商品在没有完整产品手册的情况下，对产品本身有任何数量的明确义务和对海外检查的明确要求。专利号列出的产品销售说明和互联网专利号描述的义务以及审查发票义务和报纸传单的国家收取的公司税为专利号码公开措施不多的情况下，知识产权资产的数量对专利号码所规定的义务的明确义务和电视广播部门的专利号码的专利数据汇总管理手册的知识产权不喜欢被骗 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>4. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" 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network POWER INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX, Engineering company COMPLEX GAS PROCESSING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, oil-extracting enterprises, FISHING, complex refineries, LESODOBYVAYUSCHEGO, woodworking complex, TRANSPORT SECTOR, DISTRICT, TOWN, PHASE electric wires overhead power line VLEP</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  RU2013112099A </span> <span> . 2014-09-27</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：配电网电力的架设方法，配电网行业，机械制造企业农产品的复杂气体处理，石油开采企业，渔业，复杂炼油厂，LESODOBYVAYUSCHEGO，木工综合体和运输系统，地区，城市，一种操作方法配电网POWER INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX，工程公司COMPLEX GAS农产品，石油开采企业，渔业，综合炼油厂，LESODOBYVAYUSCHEGO，木工综合体，运输行业，地区，城镇，相电线架空电力线VLEP </span> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="theme cardcommon" style="overflow: auto;display:none"> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent55">相关主题</h3> <ul id="subject"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right rightcon"> <div class="details_img 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