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首页> 外文期刊>Zoological Science >Laterality is Universal Among Fishes but Increasingly Cryptic Among Derived Groups
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Laterality is Universal Among Fishes but Increasingly Cryptic Among Derived Groups

机译：横向是普遍的鱼类，但在衍生群体中越来越多地隐秘

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Laterality has been studied in several vertebrates, mainly in terms of brain lateralization and behavioral laterality, but morphological asymmetry has not been extensively investigated. Asymmetry in fishes was first described in scale-eating cichlids from Lake Tanganyika, in the form of bilateral dimorphism in which some individuals, when opening their mouths, twist them to the right and others to the left. This asymmetry has a genetic basis, and is correlated with lateralized attack behaviors. This has subsequently been found in fishes from numerous taxa with various feeding habits. The generality of such morphological laterality should thus be investigated in as wide a range of fishes as possible. Using specific indicators of lateral differences in mandibles and head inclination, we find that representative species from all 60 orders of extant gnathostome fishes (both bony and cartilaginous) possess morphological laterality. Furthermore, we identify the same laterality in agnathans (hagfish and lamprey), suggesting that this trait appeared early in fish evolution and has been maintained across fish lineages. However, a comparison of asymmetry among groups of bony fishes reveals, unexpectedly, that phylogenetically more recent-groups possess less asymmetry in body structures. The universality of laterality in fishes indicates a monophyletic origin, and may have been present in the ancestors of vertebrates. Ecological factors, predatorprey interactions in particular, may be key drivers in the evolution and maintenance of dimorphism, and may also be responsible for the cryptic trend of asymmetry in derived groups. Because lung-fish and coelacanths share this trait, it is likely that tetrapods also inherited it. We believe that study of this morphological laterality will provide insights into the behavioral and sensory lateralization of vertebrates.
机译：在几个脊椎动物中研究了肤色，主要是在脑横向化和行为横向方面，但形态不对称尚未得到广泛研究。 Fishes中的不对称是首先从唐噶尼喀湖的含蓄山楂中描述，以双侧二态性的形式，其中一些人在张开嘴时，将它们扭曲到左侧和其他人。这种不对称性具有遗传基础，与侧向攻击行为相关。随后在众多饲养习惯中发现了来自许多分类群的鱼类。因此，应尽可能宽地研究这种形态横向性的一般性。使用悬垂和头部倾向的横向差异的特定指标，我们发现来自所有60个现存肠道鱼类（骨骼和软骨）的代表性物种具有形态的横向性。此外，我们识别agnathans（胡椒和羊斑）中的相同横向性，表明这种特质早期出现在鱼类演变中，并在鱼谱系上保持。然而，在骨鱼群中不对称的比较意外地显示，这种更近期基团在体结构中具有较少的不对称性。鱼类中的横向性的普遍性表明了单次来源，并且可能存在于脊椎动物的祖先中。尤其是生态因素，尤其是普遍的相互作用，可能是在衍生群中的不对称性的神秘趋势中的关键驱动因素。由于肺鱼和小鸡分享这种特征，因此Tetrapods也遗传了它。我们认为，对这种形态的横向性的研究将提供脊椎动物的行为和感官横向化的见解。

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