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Metastatic malignant melanoma.

机译：转移性恶性黑色素瘤。

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Malignant melanoma is one of the most worrisome tumors in terms of epidemiology, and incidence is increasing. The estimated lifetime risk in the United States is 1 in 75 people. As soon as the first distant metastasis appears, the disease becomes one of the most aggressive and chemoresistant tumors: 90-95% of patients do not survive more than 3 years. Results with chemotherapy are disappointing as few drugs have demonstrated an impact on survival. Drug combinations provide only a slightly higher response rate and do not overcome the natural chemoresistance of this tumor. Tamoxifen, which was widely investigated in the late 1980s and 1990s, has not added any benefit in terms of response rate or survival. Since their description as immunomodulating molecules, the cytokines interferon-alpha and interleukin-2 (IL-2) have been extensively tested in malignant melanoma. They seem to achieve higher response rates and survival rates than chemotherapy but undoubtedly lead to more long-term unmaintained remissions. Their combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, "chemoimmunotherapy", has been tested using various doses and schedules (one or two cytokines, single drug or combination chemotherapy). The combination of cisplatin and IL-2 plays a key role in this strategy. However, because of its higher toxicity, the real benefit of chemoimmunotherapy on patient survival still needs to be proven.
机译：恶性黑色素瘤是流行病学方面最令人担忧的肿瘤之一，发病率正在增加。美国的估计寿命风险为75人。出现第一次远处转移后，该疾病成为最具侵略性和化学肿瘤之一：90-95％的患者没有生存超过3年。随着少量药物表现出对生存的影响，化疗令人失望的结果令人失望。药物组合仅提供略高的反应速率，并且不会克服这种肿瘤的自然化学性。在20世纪80年代后期和1990年代被广泛调查的Tamoxifen并未在响应率或生存方面添加任何益处。由于他们描述为免疫调节分子，细胞因子干扰素-α和白细胞介素-2（IL-2）在恶性黑色素瘤中被广泛测试。它们似乎达到了更高的反应率和生存率而不是化疗，但无疑导致更多的长期未扫描的解除。使用各种剂量和时间表（一种细胞因子，单一药物或组合化疗）测试了它们与化学治疗药物“化疗疗法”的组合。顺铂和IL-2的组合在这种策略中起着关键作用。然而，由于其毒性较高，所以需要证明患者生存的化疗疗法的真正益处仍然需要被证明。

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