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Why an When Hierarchy Impacts Team Effectiveness: A Meta-Analytic Integration

机译：为什么当层次结构影响团队有效性：元分析集成

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摘要

Hierarchy has the potential to both benefit and harm team effectiveness. In this article, we meta-analytically investigate different explanations for why and when hierarchy helps or hurts team effectiveness, drawing on results from 54 prior studies (N = 13,914 teams). Our findings show that, on net. hierarchy negatively impacts team effectiveness (performance: rho = -.08; viability: rho = -.11). and that this effect is mediated by increased conflict-enabling states. Additionally, we show that the negative relationship between hierarchy and team performance is exacerbated by aspects of the team structure (i.e., membership instability, skill differentiation) and the hierarchy itself (i.e., mutability), which make hierarchical teams prone to conflict. The predictions regarding the positive effect of hierarchy on team performance as mediated by coordination-enabling processes, and the moderating roles of several aspects of team tasks (i.e., interdependence, complexity) and the hierarchy (i.e., form) were not supported, with the exception that task ambiguity enhanced the positive effects of hierarchy. Given that our findings largely support dysfunctional views on hierarchy, future research is needed to understand when and why hierarchy may be more likely to live up to its purported functional benefits.
机译：层次结构有潜在的利益和伤害团队的效果。在本文中，我们在分析了为什么和何时有助于或伤害团队效果，从54之前的研究中提取的结果（n = 13,914支队伍）来调查不同的解释。我们的研究结果表明，在网上。层次结构对团队有效性产生负面影响（表现：Rho = -.08;生存率：Rho = -.11）。并且这种效果是通过增加的冲突状态调解的。此外，我们表明，由团队结构的各个方面（即成员不稳定性，技能分化）和等级本身（即，可变性）的各个方面而加剧了层次结构和团队业绩之间的负面关系，使等级团队容易受到冲突。关于协调过程中的等级对团队性能的积极影响的预测，以及团队任务的若干方面的调节作用（即，相互依存，复杂性）和层次结构（即，形式）的辅助角色是不支持的任务歧义的例外增强了层次结构的积极影响。鉴于我们的发现在很大程度上支持对层次结构的功能失调的观点，需要未来的研究来了解何时何时以及为什么等级可能更有可能达到其声称的功能效益。

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